related due to an improper rib design...Figure 15‐18. Crazing in polycarbonate barb resulting from contact with inco...Figure 15‐19. Cracks around metal insert in a part. Heavy stress concentrati...Figure 15‐20. (
a) A cracked part as a result of the stresses generated from ...Figure 15‐21. (
a) Effect of moisture on the hygroscopic resin pellet. (
b) Ef...Figure 15‐22. Part failure from voids as a result of underpacking. Voids gen...Figure 15‐23. Declining physical properties in a part from successive genera...Figure 15‐24. A broken wire tie and brittleness from excessive use of regrin...Figure 15‐25. Failed toilet supply line coupling nut due to over tightening ...Figure 15‐26. (
a and
b) Creep related failure due to overtightening.Figure 15‐27. Polystyrene part degraded from prolonged contact with gasoline...Figure 15‐28. Progressive steps in failure due to environmental stress crack...Figure 15‐29. Failed sprinkler housing as a result of environmental stress c...Figure 15‐30. Failure occurring in plastic part due to continuous exposure a...Figure 15‐31. Decomposition of a swimming pool skimmer cover from continuous...FLOWCHART 15‐2. Figure 15‐32. Typical photoelastic stress pattern.Figure 15‐33. Compensator method for quantitative stress measurement.Figure 15‐34. Residual stresses in medical packaging before and after anneal...Figure 15‐35. Birefringence comparison of four compact discs with varying de...Figure 15‐36. Typical stress pattern in the coating after being strained....Figure 15‐37. The result of a solvent attack in terms of crazing and crackin...Figure 15‐38. Shrinkage voids.Figure 15‐39. DSC thermogram showing the clear difference in melting point o...Figure 15‐40. Branching.Figure 15‐41. River markings pointing towards the fracture origin.Figure 15‐42. Wallner lines and initial fracture sites.Figure 15‐43. Fracture striations emanating from the fracture origin of the ...Figure 15‐1‐1. TA Instruments AR‐1000 controlled stress rheometer.Figure 15‐1‐2. Comparison of flow curves of Sample A and Sample B at 190 °C....Figure 15‐1‐3. Proton NMR spectra of polyacetal resin samples.Figure 15‐1‐4. Proton NMR spectra of polyacetal resin samples.Figure 15‐1‐5. FTIR spectra of the two resin films.Figure 15‐1‐6. ATR‐FTIR spectra of filtered extracts.Figure 15‐1‐7. The overlay of the two spectra.Figure 15‐1‐8. The overlay of the GC chromatograms of extracts.Figure 15‐2‐1. Comparison of duplicate infrared spectra acquired from the sa...Figure 15‐2‐2. Comparison of the infrared spectra acquired from Sample A1 an...Figure 15‐2‐3. Gas chromatogram of the A1 coating sample.Figure 15‐2‐4. Gas chromatogram of the B1 coating sample.
15 Chapter 16Figure 16‐1. Interdependence of major variables in controlling product quali...Figure 16‐2. (a) Typical variables control chart. (b) Variables control char...Figure 16‐3. Chart showing the process out of control due to material variat...Figure 16‐4. An X chart showing a trend.Figure 16‐5. Ideal sampling plan.Figure 16‐6. A typical operating characteristic curve.Figure 16‐7. Double sampling plan.Figure 16‐8. Switching plan.Figure 16‐9. Computerized SPC/SQC software.Figure 16‐10. Visual defect.Figure 16‐11. Criteria for accepting or rejecting the part.Figure 16‐12. (a) Visual defect summary chart. (b) Cosmetic specifications. ...Figure 16‐13. Mold information form.Figure 16‐14. Mold history record card.Figure 16‐15. A typical workmanship standard.Figure 16‐16. Supplier selection process for certification.Figure 16‐17. Supplier performance evaluation form.
16 Chapter 18Figure 18‐1. Pulse‐echo technique.Figure 18‐2. Instrument for detecting flaws using the pulse‐echo technique....Figure 18‐3. Immersion technique.Figure 18‐4. Transmission technique.Figure 18‐5. Wall thickness and diameter measurement system.Figure 18‐6. Thickness tester, using the ultrasonic measurement technique....Figure 18‐7. Principle of operation – gamma backscatter gauging technique....Figure 18‐8. Gamma backscatter and optical measurement system with process c...Figure 18‐9. Beta transmission sensor.Figure 18‐10. Wall thickness measurement using Hall effect gauging.Figure 18‐11. CT scanner principle.Figure 18‐12. Commercially available CT Scanner.
17 Chapter 20Figure 20‐1. Trend towards global standardization.Figure 20‐2. (a) Differences between old style, multicavity, unbalanced fami...Figure 20‐3. Typical page from CAMPUS.Figure 20‐4. Typical page from CAMPUS.
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