26 17 PRODUCT LIABILITIES AND TESTING 17.1. INTRODUCTION 17.2. PRODUCT/EQUIPMENT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 17.3. PACKAGING CONSIDERATIONS 17.4. INSTRUCTIONS, WARNING LABELS, AND TRAINING 17.5. TESTING AND RECORDKEEPING 17.6. SAFETY STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING
27 18 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND MEASUREMENTS 18.1. INTRODUCTION 18.2. ULTRASONIC 18.3. APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC NDT IN PLASTICS 18.4. GAMMA BACKSCATTER 18.5. BETA TRANSMISSION 18.6. SCANNING LASER 18.7. X‐RAY FLUORESCENCE 18.8. HALL EFFECT 18.9. CT SCANNING (X‐RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY) REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING GENERAL REFERENCES
28 19 PROFESSIONAL AND TESTING ORGANIZATIONS 19.1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) 19.2. ASTM INTERNATIONAL 19.3. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) 19.4. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) 19.5. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA) 19.6. NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) 19.7. NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION (NSF) 19.8. SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS (SPE) 19.9. PLASTICS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 19.10. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL) 19.11. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
29 20 UNIFORM GLOBAL TESTING STANDARDS 20.1. INTRODUCTION 20.2. ISO/IEC STANDARDS 20.3. ISO AND ASTM 20.4. TEST DATA ACQUISITION AND REPORTING 20.5. COMPUTER‐AIDED MATERIAL PRESELECTION BY UNIFORM STANDARDS (CAMPUS) 20.6. PLASTIC MATERIAL DATABASES REFERENCES
30 APPENDIX A: INDEX OF TEST EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF COMPANIES ADDRESSES, PHONE NUMBERS, AND WEBSITES
31 APPENDIX B: ABBREVIATIONS: POLYMERIC MATERIALS
34 APPENDIX E: STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS
35 APPENDIX F: LINKS TO RECOMMENDED OPEN SOURCE FOR QUICK LEARNING
37 APPENDIX H: FIGURE 15‐5. NEW APPLICATION CHECKLIST (Courtesy of Covestro)
38 INDEX
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1TABLE 1‐1. POM Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) Materials, Detail Requirements,hNatural ...
2 Chapter 2TABLE 2‐1. Characteristic Features of Stress–Strain Curve as It Relates to Po...TABLE 2‐2. Creep Property Data of a Commercially Available Plastic MaterialTABLE 2‐3. Typical Hardness Values of Some Common Plastic Materials
3 Chapter 3TABLE 3‐1. Relative thermal indices based upon past field‐test performance an...TABLE 3‐2. Thermal Conductivity of Different Materials Including Solid and Ce...TABLE 3‐3. Comparison to Thermal Expansion Values for Some Common Materials
4 Chapter 4TABLE 4‐1. Dielectric Strength of Various PlasticsTABLE 4‐2. Dielectric Constant of Various PlasticsTABLE 4‐3. Volume Resistivity of Various PlasticsTABLE 4‐4. Arc Resistance of Various PlasticsTABLE 4‐5. Enclosure Requirement for Fixed or Stationary EquipmentTABLE 4‐6. Shielding Attenuation Levels Required to Produce an Effective Shie...TABLE 4‐7. Explanation of Adhesion Test Ratings
5 Chapter 5TABLE 5‐1. Relative Weather Resistance of Unmodified ThermoplasticsTABLE 5‐2. Weathering Test MethodTABLE