17 8 FLAMMABILITY 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. FLAMMABILITY TEST (NONRIGID SOLID PLASTICS) (ASTM D 4804) 8.3. FLAMMABILITY TEST (SELF‐SUPPORTING PLASTICS IN HORIZONTAL POSITION) (D 635) 8.4. FLAMMABILITY TEST (SOLID PLASTICS IN VERTICAL POSITION) (D 3801) 8.5. IGNITION PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS 8.6. OXYGEN INDEX TEST (ASTM D 2863, ISO 4589) 8.7. SURFACE BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS 8.8. FLAMMABILITY OF CELLULAR PLASTICS—VERTICAL POSITION (ASTM D 3014) 8.9. FLAMMABILITY OF CELLULAR PLASTICS—HORIZONTAL POSITION (ASTM D 1692) 8.10. FLAME RESISTANCE OF DIFFICULT‐TO‐IGNITE PLASTICS (FEDERAL STD. NO 406 METHOD 203) 8.11. SMOKE GENERATION TESTS 8.12. UL 94 FLAMMABILITY TESTING 8.13. MEETING FLAMMABILITY REQUIREMENTS REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING
18 9 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 9.1. INTRODUCTION 9.2. IMMERSION TEST (ASTM D 543, ISO 22088) 9.3. STAIN RESISTANCE OF PLASTICS 9.4. SOLVENT STRESS‐CRACKING RESISTANCE 9.5. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS‐CRACKING RESISTANCE (ASTM D 1693, ISO 22088) REFERENCES
19 10 ANALYTICAL TESTS 10.1. INTRODUCTION 10.2. DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY (ASTM D 792, ISO 1183) 10.3. DENSITY‐BY‐DENSITY GRADIENT TECHNIQUE (ASTM D 1505, ISO R 1183‐2) 10.4. BULK (APPARENT) DENSITY TEST (ASTM D 1895) 10.5. WATER ABSORPTION (ASTM D 570, ISO 62) 10.6. MOISTURE ANALYSIS 10.7. SIEVE ANALYSIS (PARTICLE SIZE) TEST (ASTM D 1921) REFERENCES
20 11 CONDITIONING PROCEDURES 11.1. CONDITIONING (ASTM D 618, ISO 291) 11.2. DESIGNATION FOR CONDITIONING REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING
21 12 MISCELLANEOUS TESTS 12.1. TORQUE RHEOMETER TEST (ASTM D 2538) 12.2. PLASTICIZER ABSORPTION TESTS 12.3. CUP VISCOSITY TEST 12.4. BURST STRENGTH TEST 12.5. CRUSH TEST 12.6. ACETONE IMMERSION TEST (ASTM D 2152) 12.7. ACETIC ACID IMMERSION TEST (ASTM D 1939) 12.8. END‐PRODUCT TESTING 12.9. ASH CONTENT (ASTM D 5630, ASTM D 2584, ISO 3451) REFERENCES GENERAL REFERENCES
22 13 IDENTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC MATERIALS 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2. ADVANCED METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION 13.3. IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS REFERENCES GENERAL REFERENCES
23 14 TESTING OF CELLULAR PLASTICS 14.1. INTRODUCTION 14.2. RIGID FOAM TEST METHODS 14.3. FLEXIBLE CELLULAR MATERIALS TEST METHODS 14.4. FOAM PROPERTIES GENERAL REFERENCES
24 15 FAILURE ANALYSIS 15.1. INTRODUCTION 15.2. TYPES OF FAILURES 15.3. ANALYZING FAILURES 15.4. CASE STUDIES REFERENCES GENERAL REFERENCES
25
16 QUALITY CONTROL
16.1. INTRODUCTION
16.2. STATISTICAL QUALITY