95
Bruckmann, ii. p. 446. [Schwartze, in his Pharm. Tabell. 2nd edit. p. 779, states that white vitriol was known towards the end of the thirteenth or at the commencement of the fourteenth century.]
96
Calvor, Historische Nachricht, p. 199 and 200. Properly it is written and pronounced
97
Chemie, von Kessel, iv. 2, p. 832, where may be found the old opinions on this subject.
98
Brandt, in Acta Upsaliens. 1735. Hellot, in Mémoires de l’Acad. des Sciences, Paris, 1735, p. 29. [Sulphate of zinc or white vitriol is at present manufactured in considerable quantity for pharmaceutical purposes, and for the calico-printer.]
99
A great many may be found collected in Fuchs, Geschichte des Zinks. Erfurt, 1778, 8vo.
100
Paracelsi Opera. Strasb. 1616, fol. I shall here transcribe the principal passage. Of zinc: – There is another metal, zinc, which is in general unknown. It is a distinct metal of a different origin, though adulterated with many other metals. It can be melted, for it consists of three fluid principles, but it is not malleable. In its colour it is unlike all others, and does not grow in the same manner; but with its
101
De Re Metallica, lib. ix. p. 329.
102
In J. Hornung’s Cista Medica. Lipsiæ.
103
How much duke Julius, who in other respects did great service to his country, suffered himself to be duped by the art of making gold, appears from an anecdote given by Rehtmeier, p. 1016. Of this anecdote I received from M. Ribbentrop an old account in manuscript, which one cannot read without astonishment. There is still shown, at the castle of Wolfenbuttle, an iron stool, on which the impostor, Anna Maria Zieglerinn, named Schluter Ilsche, was burnt, February 5, 1575.
104
Page 83: – “When the people at the melting-houses are employed in melting, there is formed under the furnace, in the crevices of the wall, among the stones where it is not well plastered, a metal which is called zinc or
105
Kieshistorie, p. 571, and particularly p. 721.
106
Pott refers to Lawson’s Dissert. de Nihilo, and quotes some words from it; but I cannot find it; nor am I surprised at this, as it was not known to Dr. Watson. – See Chemical Essays, iv. p. 34. Pryce, in Mineral. Cornub., p. 49, says, “The late Dr. J. Lawson, observing that the flowers of
107
Ricards Handbuch der Kaufleute, i. p. 57.
108
Raynal says that the company purchase it at the rate of twenty-eight florins three-quarters per hundred weight, and that this price is moderate. At Amsterdam, however, the price was commonly from seventeen to eighteen florins banco. According to a catalogue which I have in my possession, the price, on the 9th of May, 1788, was seventeen florins, and on the 22nd of January, 1781, it was only sixteen.
109
Linschoten, b. ii. c. 17. The author calls it
110
De Nummis Antiquis; in Grævii Thes. Antiq. Rom. xi. p. 1195.
111
Matthesius, Pred. v. p. 250. – “
112
Histor. Animal. lib. iv. cap. 8.
113
Lib. vii. p. 309.
114
Animadvers. vii. 17, p. 540.
115
Lampridii Vita Heliogab. c. 20.
116
Lib. vii. p. 309.
117
This fish was a first-rate article of luxury among the Romans, and was purchased at a dear rate. Juvenal says, “Mullum sex millibus emit, æquantem sane paribus sestertia libris.” See Plin. lib. ix. c. 17. The Italians have a proverb, “La triglia non mangia chi la piglia,” which implies, that he who catches a mullet is a fool if he eats it and does not sell it. When this fish is dying, it changes its colours in a very singular manner till it is entirely lifeless. This spectacle was so gratifying to the Romans, that they used to show the fish dying in a glass vessel to their guests before dinner.
118
Fr. Massarii in ix. Plinii. libr. Castigat. Bas. 1537, 4to.
119
A great service would be rendered to the natural history of the ancients, if some able systematic naturalist would collect all the Greek names used at present. Tournefort and others made a beginning.
120
Philosophical Transact. vol. lxi. 1771, part i. 310.
121
Variorum, p. 380.
122
Speculum Naturale.
123
De Nat. Anim. xiv. – Plin. xxxi. sect. 19. – Antig. Car. c. 181.
124
British Zoology, vol. iii. p. 259.
125
Pontoppidan, Natürliche Historie von Norwegen, ii. p. 236.
126
De Prima Expedit. Attilæ, ed. Fischer. Lips. 1780, 4to.
127
Printed at the end of Somneri Dict. Saxonicum.
128
See Anderson’s Hist. of Commerce, and Pennant’s Zoology, p. 300. Both these authors refer to Fuller’s British Worthies. [The carp existed in England before the year 1486: for in Dame Juliana Berners’ work on Angling, which was published at St. Albans (hence called the Book of St. Albans) in 1486, we find the following passage: speaking of the carp, she says “That it is a deyntous fysshe, but there ben but few in Englonde. And therefore I wryte the lesse of hym. He is an euyll fysshe to take. For he is so stronge enarmyd in the mouthe, that there