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Miscellanea Berolin. 1710, vol. i. p. 97. The fluor-spar earth, or phosphoric earth, as it is called, which in later times has been found in marble quarries, and which some at present consider as an earth saturated with phosphoric acid, is mentioned by the Swede Hierne, in Prodromus Hist. Nat. Sueciæ. Henkel had never seen it.
229
Watson’s Chemical Essays, ii. p. 277.
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Descriptive Catalogue of Tassie’s Engraved Gems, Lond. 1791, 2 vols. 4to, i. p. 51.
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Plin. xviii. 12, sect. 51, p. 475.
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It is beyond all doubt that the words
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De Simplicibus Medicaminibus, p. 90, G.
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According to Aretæus De Diuturnis Morbis, ii. 13, p. 98, soap appears to have been formed into balls.
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Mart. xiv. 27. This soap acquired the epithet of
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Caustica Teutonicos accendit spuma capillos,
Captivis poteris cultior esse comis. – Mart. xiv. 26.
These lines are generally explained in this manner: – “Dye thy hair with soap, and it will become more beautiful than that of the Germans.” But in this case all the wit of the advice is lost; and the expression, “eris cultior quam comæ captivæ,” seems to me to be very improper. I should rather translate them as follows: – “Let the Germans dye their hair with pomade; as they are now subdued, thou mayst ornament thyself better with a peruke made of the hair of these captives.” This was a piece of delicate flattery to Domitian and the Roman pride. That prince thought he had conquered the Germans; and the most beautiful German hair, that which was not dyed, could be procured, therefore, at Rome, much easier than before. If the title of this epigram was written by Martial himself, it contains the first mention of the word
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Fortior et tortos servat vesica capillos,
Et mutat Latias spuma Batava comas. – Mart. viii. 23, 19.
The first line of the above proves that people then covered their heads, in the night-time, with a bladder to keep their hair, after it was dressed, from being deranged; and a bladder was undoubtedly as fit for that use as the nets and cauls employed for the like purpose at present.
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Femina canitiem Germanis inficit herbis.
Ovidius De Arte Amandi, iii. 163.
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Valer. Max. i. 5, p. 135: Capillos cinere rutilarunt.
Ad rutilam speciem nigros flavescere crines,
Unguento cineris prædixit Plinius auctor.
Q. Serenus, De Medic. iv. 56.
Serenus seems to allude to a passage of Pliny, xxiii. 2, p. 306, where he speaks of an ointment made from the burnt lees of vinegar and oleum lentiscinum. The same thing is mentioned in Dioscorides, v. 132, p. 379. Servius, Æn. iv. quotes the following words from Cato: “Mulieres nostræ cinere capillum ungitabant, ut rutilus esset crinis.” Alex. Trallianus, 1, 3, gives directions how to make an ointment for gray hair from soap and the ashes of the white flowers of the Verbascum. The Cinerarii, however, of Tertullian, lib. ii. ad uxor. 8, p. 641, seem to have been only hair-dressers, who were so called because they warmed their curling-irons among the hot ashes.
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Pliny says that spots of the skin may be removed by ox-gall.
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Odyss. vi. 91.
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Iliad, ix. 14, and xvi. 4.
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Geopon. vii. 6. – Plin. xiv. cap. 21. – Columella, xii. 50. 14.
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Arnobius, vii. p. 237.
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The word λίτρον in Pollux ought not to have been translated
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Cicer. Ep. Fam. viii. 14. – Pollucis Onom. viii. 9, 39; x. 135. – Ovid. De Medicam. Faciei, ver. 73 et 85. – Phavorini Dictionar. p. 527. Gynesius calls clothes washed with
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Lib. xi. p. 801.
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De Mirabil. Auscult. c. 54.
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Hist. Mirab. c. 162, p. 216.
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Lib. xxxi. 10, p. 564.
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J. D. Michaelis Commentationes, 4to, p. 151. I must mention also C. Schoettgenii Antiquitates Fulloniæ, Traj. 1727, 8vo. My readers will do me a pleasure if they compare the above work with this article. No one will accuse me of vanity when I pretend to understand the theory of washing better than the learned Schöttgen; but if I have explained the passages which he quotes in a more satisfactory manner, and turned them to more advantage, I must ascribe this superiority to my knowledge of that art. I shall here take occasion to remark, that there is no subject, however trifling, which may not be rendered useful, or at least agreeable, by being treated in a scientific manner; and to turn such into ridicule, instead of displaying wit, would betray a want of judgment.
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Plin. xxviii. 6; xxviii. 8. – Martial. vi. ep. 93. – Athenæus, xi. p. 484. Macrobius, ii. 12, speaking of drunken people, “Dum eunt, nulla est in angiporto amphora, quam non impleant, quippe qui vesicam plenam vini habeant.” This passage is quoted also in Joh. Sarisberg. Polior. viii. 7, p. 479.
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Sueton. in Vita Vespas. viii. 23.
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Porner’s Anleitung zur Farbekunst, p. 31.
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Those numbered 3, 4, 5, 6.
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This plant was sent by Imperati to Casp. Bauhin, under the name of
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Salmas. ad Solin. p. 818. a.
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De Alimentor. Facultate, i. cap. 19. in Op. vol. iv. p. 315.
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Lib. xvii. 18.
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Pollux. – Plin.
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Dioscor.
262
This
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Plin.
264
Plin. The
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Theophrast. Dioscor.
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I here mean that it got its name from being employed to clean that piece of armour, formerly used, which covered only the breast and the back, and which was called a
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See