18
“Self-Employment in the United States,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2010, http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2010/09/art2full.pdf.
19
Управління підзвітності уряду 2006 року провело дослідження й виявило, що 31 % робітників працює на тимчасовій роботі.
20
Michelle Conlin et al., “The Disposable Worker,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 7, 2010.
21
Michelle Conlin et al., “The Disposable Worker,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 7, 2010.
22
Diana I. Cordova and Mark R. Lepper, “Intrinsic Motivation and the Process of Learning: Beneficial Effects of Contextualization, Personalization, and Choice,” Journal of Educational Psychology 88, no. 4 (1996): 715; Judith Rodin and Ellen J. Langer, “Long-Term Effects ofa Control-Relevant Intervention with the Institutionalized Aged,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, no. 12 (1977): 897; Rebecca A. Henry and Janet A. Sniezek, “Situational Factors Affecting Judgments of Future Performance,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 54, no. 1 (1993): 104 – 32; Romin W. Tafarodi, Alan B. Milne, and Alyson J. Smith. “The Confidence of Choice: Evidence for an Augmentation Effect on Self-Perceived Performance,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25, no. 11 (1999): 1405 – 16; Jack W. Brehm, “Postdecision Changes in the Desirability of Alternatives,” The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 52, no. 3 (1956): 384; Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, vol. 2 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962); Daryl J. Bem, “An Experimental Analysis of Self-Persuasion,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1, no. 3 (1965): 199–218; Louisa C. Egan, Laurie R. Santos, and Paul Bloom, “The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance: Evidence from Children and Monkeys,” Psychological Science 18, no. 11 (2007): 978 – 83.
23
E. J. Langer and J. Rodin, “The Effects of Choice and Enhanced Personal Responsibility for the Aged: A Field Experiment in an Institutional Setting,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34, no. 2 (1976): 191-98.
24
Margaret W. Sullivan and Michael Lewis, “Contextual Determinants of Anger and Other Negative Expressions in Young Infants,” Developmental Psychology 39, no. 4 (2003): 693.
25
Leotti and Delgado, “Inherent Reward of Choice.”
26
Psychological Science in 2011 Ibid.
27
Erika A. Patall, Harris Cooper, and Jorgianne Civey Robinson, “The Effects of Choice on Intrinsic Motivation and Related Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Research Findings,” Psychological Bulletin 134, no. 2 (2008): 270; Deborah J. Stipek and John R. Weisz, “Perceived Personal Control and Academic Achievement,” Review of Educational Research 51, no. 1 (1981): 101-37; Steven W. Abrahams, “Goal-Setting and Intrinsic Motivation: The Effects of Choice and Performance Frame-of-Reference” (PhD diss., Columbia University, 1989); Teresa M. Amabile and Judith Gitomer, “Children’s Artistic Creativity Effects of Choice in Task Materials,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 10, no. 2 (1984): 209-15; D’Arcy A. Becker, “The Effects of Choice on Auditors’ Intrinsic Motivation and Performance,” Behavioral Research in Accounting 9 (1997); Dan Stuart Cohen, “The Effects of Task Choice, Monetary, and Verbal Reward on Intrinsic Motivation: A Closer Look at Deci’s Cognitive Evaluation Theory” (PhD diss., Ohio State University, 1974); Diana I. Cordova and Mark R. Lepper, “Intrinsic Motivation and the Process of Learning: Beneficial Effects of Contextualization, Personalization, and Choice,” Journal of Educational Psychology 88, no. 4 (1996): 715; Hsiao d’Ailly, “The Role of Choice in Children’s Learning: A Distinctive Cultural and Gender Difference in Efficacy, Interest, and Effort,” Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 36, no. 1 (2004): 17; Edward L. Deci, The Psychology of Self-Determination (New York: Free Press, 1980); J. B. Detweiler, R. J. Mendoza, and M. R. Lepper, “Perceived Versus Actual Choice: High Perceived Choice Enhances Children’s Task Engagement,” 8th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Society, San Francisco, 1996; John J. M. Dwyer, “Effect of Perceived Choice of Music on Exercise Intrinsic Motivation,” Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education and Promotion 19, no. 2 (1995): 18–26; Gregory G. Feehan and Michael E. Enzle, “Subjective Control over Rewards: Effects of Perceived Choice of Reward Schedule on Intrinsic Motivation and Behavior Maintenance,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 72, no. 3 (1991): 995-1006; Terri Flowerday, Gregory Schraw, and Joseph Stevens, “The Role of Choice and Interest in Reader Engagement,” The Journal of Experimental Education 72, no. 2 (2004): 93-114; Claus A. Hallschmidt, “Intrinsic Motivation: The Effects of Task Choice, Reward Magnitude and Reward Choice” (PhD diss., University of Alberta, 1977); Sheena S. Iyengar and Mark R. Lepper, “Rethinking the Value of Choice: A Cultural Perspective on Intrinsic Motivation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76, no. 3 (1999): 349; Keven A. Prusak et al., “The Effects of Choice on the Motivation of Adolescent Girls in Physical Education,” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 23, no. 1 (2004): 19–29; Johnmarshall Reeve, Glen Nix, and Diane Hamm, “Testing Models of the Experience of Self-Determination in Intrinsic Motivation and the Conundrum of Choice,” Journal of Educational Psychology 95, no. 2 (2003): 375; Romin W. Tafarodi, Alan B. Milne, and Alyson J. Smith, “The Confidence of Choice: Evidence for an Augmentation Effect on Self-Perceived Performance,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25, no. 11 (1999): 1405-16; Miron Zuckerman et al., “On the Importance of Self-Determination for Intrinsically-Motivated Behavior,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 4, no. 3 (1978): 443-46.
28
У відповідь на імейл щодо перевірки фактів полковник Роберт Ґрані, командувач полку навчання рекрутів у Центрі прийому рекрутів морської піхоти в Сан-Дієго, написав: «Щойно рекрути виходять з автобусу й ступають на нашу територію, вони можуть піддаватися певному ступеню шоку й стресу, що мають підкреслити необхідність командної роботи, покори наказам, і це усталює