30 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 Mean magnitude of accelerations experienced by a spacecraft in c...Figure 62.2 Flowchart of the LEO POD process. (PPP: Precise Point‐Positionin...Figure 62.3 Large, systematic excursions in post‐fit residuals from orbit de...Figure 62.4 Available GPS signals to an Earth‐orbiting spacecraftOther G...Figure 62.5 The number of GPS main lobe signals (boresight angle of 44°) ava...Figure 62.6 One of the twin GRACE spacecraft. The GPS choke‐ring antenna (at...Figure 62.7 The Jason‐3 spacecraft. The twin, canted GPS choke‐ring antennas...Figure 62.8 Post‐fit residuals (pseudorange, top left, phase, top right) and...
31 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 Range of achievable GNSS navigation accuracies using absolute an...Figure 63.2 International fleet of space vehicles using GPS for far‐range na...Figure 63.3 Graphical illustration of PRISMA technology demonstration missio...Figure 63.4 Graphical illustration of MMS formation‐flying mission in high e...Figure 63.5 Graphical illustration of CPOD (left), https://www.nasa.gov. Tyv...Figure 63.6 Spherical coordinates.Figure 63.7 Contours of constant semi‐major axis (SMA) error (blue lines) sh...Figure 63.8 Target centered relative motion plot during STS‐69 in LVLH frame...Figure 63.9 Difference of real‐time onboard navigation solution versus post‐...Figure 63.10 Long‐term analysis of real‐time relative orbit elements (ROEs) ...Figure 63.11 GEONS’ 1σ formal error (root‐covariance) over three orbits...
32 Chapter 64Figure 64.1 Summer Arctic sea ice extent 1980–2012.Figure 64.2 (a) Arctic airports and (b) transpolar air routes (Reid et al. [...Figure 64.3 Maximum extent of Arctic and Antarctic waters as described in th...Figure 64.4 Illustration of how angular rotations measured by compasses and ...Figure 64.5 GNSS setup for hydrographic surveying. This three‐antenna system...Figure 64.6 Ground tracks of (a) GPS and (b) combined GPS, GLONASS, Galileo,...Figure 64.7 Skyplot of GPS and EGNOS satellites at 71°30’ North in the Baren...Figure 64.8 The effect of snow accumulation on a GNSS antenna. The heavy sno...Figure 64.9 Typical layout and components of a Class‐3 Dynamic Positioning (...Figure 64.10 Different sensors and elements used for ice detection and safe ...Figure 64.11 Icebreaker escorting a seismic vessel through open drift ice on...Figure 64.12 Point cloud map of a LiDAR scan of a portion of the Helheim Gla...Figure 64.13 Benefits of information crowdsourcing and crowdsharing in ice n...Figure 64.14 The ESABALT crowdsourcing and crowdsharing ecosystem for improv...Figure 64.15 To model ship maneuverability, a finite set of directions in wh...Figure 64.16 Heat map of transit speeds in sea ice conditions with an optimi...Figure 64.17 SBAS ground segment: Reference stations of all current systems ...Figure 64.18 Orbits of the GPS constellation, SBAS GEO space segment, Quasi‐...Figure 64.19 SBAS aviation service level in 2015 using single‐frequency GPS....Figure 64.20 SBAS aviation service slated for 2026 using dual frequency and ...
Guide
1 Cover
2 Table of Contents
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