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2.13 Artemisia Species
2.13.1 Ethnopharmacological Properties and Phytochemistry
Several species of the Artemisia genus (Fam. – Asteraceae) are used widely in traditional system of medicine (Willcox 2009). The etymology of Artemisia evolved from the name of the Greek goddess Artemis who developed artemisian plants to Chiron the Centaur (Wright 2002; El-Sahhar 2010). The majority of the species of this genus are found in China, ex-USSR, Europe, and Japan (Wright 2002; Stach et al. 2007). The Artemisia annua is known for its antimalarial actions due to the presence of artemisinin and its derivatives (Cui and Su 2010; Lackie 2010). Artemisia herba-alba has been known for traditional medicine to treat toothache, intestinal and respiratory diseases, enteritis, and diabetes mellitus (Wright 2002). It is widely used as an antidote in Jordan to treat for snake bites and scorpion stings (Wright 2002) and also inhibits 100% of the hemolytic effect of the venoms (Sallal and Alkofahi 1996). Besides the antiprotozoal properties, A. annua also exhibits promising activity of apoptosis in human cancer cells (Singh and Lai 2004; Efferth 2007; Ferreira et al. 2010). It also possesses antioxidant (Crespo-Ortiz and Wei 2012); antibacterial, antiworm, analgesic, and antispasmodic (Laid et al. 2008; Mohamed et al. 2010); and