90 Saleem, R., Faizi, S., Deeba, F. et al. (1997a). A new bisbenzopyran from Aloe barbadensis roots. Planta Med. 63: 454–456.
91 Saleem, R., Faizi, S., Deeba, F. et al. (1997b). Anthrones from Aloe barbadensis. Phytochemistry 45: 1279–1282.
92 Saoo, K., Miki, H., Ohmori, M., and Winters, W.D. (1996). Antiviral activity of Aloe extracts against cytomegalovirus. Phytother. Res. 10: 348–350.
93 Sathyaprabha, G., Kumaravel, S., Ruffina, D., and Praveenkumar, P. (2010). A comparative study on antioxidant, proximate analysis, antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Aloe vera and Cissus quadrangularis by GC-MS. J. Pharm. Res. 3: 2970–2973.
94 Sigler, A. and Rauwald, H.W. (1994). Aloe plants accumulate anthrone-type anthranoids in inflorescence and leaves, and tetrahydroanthracenes in roots. Z. Naturforsch. 49c: 286–292.
95 Snider, B.B. and Zhang, Q.J. (1993). Synthesis of (±)-okicenone and (±)-aloesaponol III. J. Organomet. Chem. 58: 3185–3187.
96 Speranza, G., Corti, S., and Manitto, P. (1994). Isolation and chemical characterization of a new constituent of Cape aloe having the 1,1-diphenylethane skeleton. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 42: 2002–2006.
97 Speranza, G., Dada, G., Lunazzi, L. et al. (1986a). A C-glucosylated 5-methylchromone from Kenya aloe. Phytochemistry 25: 2219–2222.
98 Speranza, G., Dada, G., Lunazzi, L. et al. (1986b). Aloenin B, a new diglucosylated 6-phenyl-2-pyrone from Kenya Aloe. J. Nat. Prod. 49: 800–805.
99 Speranza, G., Gramatica, P., Dada, G., and Manitto, P. (1985). Aloeresin C, a bitter C,O-diglucoside from Cape aloe. Phytochemistry 24: 1571–1573.
100 Speranza, G., Manitto, P., Cassara, P. et al. (1993a). Studies on aloe, 12. furoaloesone, a new 5-methylchromone from Cape aloe. J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1089–1094.
101 Speranza, G., Manitto, P., Cassara, P., and Monti, D. (1993). Feralolide, a dihydroisocoumarin from Cape aloe. Phytochemistry 33: 175–178.
102 Speranza, G., Manitto, P., Monti, D., and Lianza, F. (1990). Feroxidin, a novel 1-methyltetralin derivative isolated from Cape aloes. Tetrahedron Lett. 31: 3077–3080.
103 Speranza, G., Martignon, A., and Manitto, P. (1988). Iso-aloeresin A, a minor constituent of Cape aloe. J. Nat. Prod. 51: 588–590.
104 Speranza, G., Meo, A.D., Manitto, P. et al. (1996). A new benzochromone derivative from Cape aloe. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 44: 274–277.
105 Speranza, G., Zanzola, S., and Meo, A.D. (1997). Studies on Aloe. 15. Two new 5-methylchromones from Cape aloe. J. Nat. Prod. 60: 692–694.
106 Suga, T., Hirata, T., and Tori, K. (1974). Structure of aloenin, a bitter glucoside from Aloe species. Chem. Lett. 3: 715–718.
107 Supe, U. (2013). Analysis of anthraquinone by callus tissue of Aloe barbadensis. Recent Res. Sci. Technol. 5: 54–56.
108 Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., and Saple, D.G. (2008). Aloe vera: a short review. Indian J. Dermatol. 13: 1599–1616.
109 Teka, T., Bisrat, D., Mazumder, A., and Asres, K. (2014). Antimicrobial constituents from the leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe. Int. J. Phytopharmacol. 5: 261–266.
110 Teka, T., Bisrat, D., Yeshak, M.Y., and Asres, K. (2016). Antimalarial activity of the chemical constituents of the leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe. Molecules 21: 1415.
111 Thomson, R.H. (1987). Naturally Occurring Quinones III: Recent Advances. London: Chapman and Hall.
112 Tudose, A., Celia, C., Cardamone, F. et al. (2009). Regenerative properties of Aloe vera juice on human keratinocyte cell culture. Farmacia 57: 590–597.
113 van Heerden, F.R., van Wyk, B.-E., and Viljoen, A.M. (1996). Aloeresins E and F, two chromone derivatives from Aloe peglerae. Phytochemistry 43: 867–869.
114 van Heerden, F.R., Viljoen, A.M., and van Wyk, B.-E. (2000). 6′-O-coumaroylaloesin from Aloe castanea – a taxonomic marker for Aloe section Anguialoe. Phytochemistry 55: 117–120.
115 van Wyk, B.E. and Smith, G. (2008). Guide to the Aloes of South Africa, 2e. Pretoria: Briza Publications.
116 van Wyk, B.-E., van Rheede van Oudtshoorm, M.C.B., and Smith, G.F. (1995a). Geographical variation in the major compounds of Aloe ferox leaf exudates. Planta Med. 61: 250–253.
117 van Wyk, B.-E., Yenesew, A., and Dagne, E. (1995b). Chemotaxonomic survey of anthraquinones and pre-anthraquinones in roots of Aloe species. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 23: 267–275.
118 van Zyl, R.L. and Viljoen, A.M. (2002). In vitro activity of Aloe extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. S. Afr. J. Bot. 68: 106–110.
119 Veitch, N.C., Simmonds, M.S.J., Blaney, W.M., and Reynolds, T. (1994). A dihydroisocoumarin glucoside from Aloe hildebrandtii. Phytochemistry 35: 1163–1166.
120 Viljoen, A.M., van Wyk, B.-E., and Dagne, E. (1996). The chemotaxonomic value of 10-hydroxyaloin B and its derivatives in Aloe series Asperifoliae Berger. Kew Bull. 51: 159–168.
121 Viljoen, A.M., van Wyk, B.-E., and van Heerden, F. (1998). Distribution and chemotaxonomic significance of flavonoids in Aloe (Asphodelaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 211: 31–42.
122 Viljoen, A.M., van Wyk, B.-K., and van Heerden, F.R. (2002). The chemotaxonomic value of the diglucoside anthrone homonataloside B in the genus Aloe. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 35–43.
123 Waller, G.R., Mangiafico, S., and CR Ritchey CR. (1978). A chemical investigation of Aloe barbadensis Miller. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 58: 69–76.
124 Wessels, P.L., Holzapfel, C.W., van Wyk, B.-E., and Marais, W. (1996). Plicatiloside, an O,O-diglycosylated naphthalene derivatives from Aloe plicatalis. Phytochemistry 41: 1547–1551.
125 West, D.P. and Zhu, Y.F. (2003). Evaluation of Aloe vera gel gloves in the treatment of dry skin associated with occupational exposure. Am. J. Infect. Control 31: 40–42.
126 Woo, W.S., Shin, K.H., Chung, H.S., and Shim, C.S. (1994). Isolation of an unusual aloenin-acetal from Aloe. Korean J. Pharmacogn. 25: 307–310.
127 Yagi, A., Hine, N., Asai, M. et al. (1998). Tetrahydroanthracene glucosides in callus tissue from Aloe barbadensis leaves. Phytochemistry 47: 1267–1270.
128 Yagi, A., Makino, K., and Nishioka, I. (1974). Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria HAW: I. The structures of tetrahydroanthracene derivatives and the related anthraquinones. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 22: 1159–1162.
129 Yagi, A., Makino, K., and Nishioka, I. (1977a). Studies on constituents of Aloe saponaria HAW: 2. structures of tetrahydroanthracene derivatives, aloesaponol-III and aloesaponol-IV. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 25: 1764–1770.
130 Yagi, A., Makino, K., and Nishioka, I. (1977b). Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria HAW: III. The structures of phenol glucosides. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 25: 1771–1776.
131 Yagi, A., Makino, K., and Nishioka, I. (1978). Studies on the constituents of Aloe saponaria HAW: IV. The structures of bianthraquinoid pigments. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 26: 1111–1116.
132 Yagi, A., Shoyama, Y., and Nishioka, I. (1983). Formation of tetrahydroanthracene glucosides by callus tissue of Aloe saponaria. Phytochemistry 22: 1483–1484.
133 Yamamoto, M., Masui, T., Sugiyama, K. et al. (1991). Anti-inflammatory active constituents of Aloe arborescens Miller. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55: 1627–1629.
134 Yenesew, A., Ogur, J.A., and Duddeck, H. (1993). (R)-Prechrysophanol from Aloe graminicola. Phytochemistry 34: 1442–1444.
2.11 Angelica Species
2.11.1 Ethnopharmacological Properties and Phytochemistry
The root of Angelica gigas Nakai (Fam. – Umbelliferae), growing in the high mountains of the Gangwon-do region in Korea, is known to