Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration. Mohinder S. Grewal. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Mohinder S. Grewal
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Физика
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119547815
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covering the fundamental concepts of inertial navigation can cover Chapters 1, 3, 10, and 11. A follow‐on class or a more advanced course in GNSS and INS integration should include Chapter 12 as well as significant utilization of the software routines provided for computer‐based GNSS/INS integration projects.

      October 2019

      Mohinder S. Grewal, Ph.D., P.E. California State University at Fullerton Fullerton, California

      Angus P. Andrews, Ph.D. Rockwell Science Center (retired) Thousand Oaks, California

      Chris G. Bartone, Ph.D., P.E. Ohio University Athens, Ohio

      We acknowledge Professor John Angus, Jay A. Farrell, and Richard B. Langley for assistance and inspiration on the outline of this edition. We acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. Laura A. Cheung of the Raytheon Company for her expert assistance in reviewing Chapter 8 (Differential GNSS) and with the MATLAB® programs. Special thanks goes to Dr. Larry Weill for his contribution to Chapter 7 on multipath mitigation algorithms.

      A. P. A. thanks Andrey Podkorytov at the Moscow Aviation Institute for corrections to the Schmidt–Kalman filter; Randall Corey from Northrop Grumman and Michael Ash from C. S. Draper Laboratory for access to the developing Draft IEEE Standard for Inertial Sensor Technology; Dr. Michael Braasch at GPSoft, Inc. for providing evaluation copies of the GPSoft INS and GPS MATLAB Toolboxes; Drs. Jeff Schmidt and Robert F. Nease, former Vice President of Engineering and Chief Scientist at Autonetics, respectively, for information on the early history of inertial navigation; and Edward H. Martin, member of the GPS development team awarded the 1992 Robert J. Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautics Association, and winner of the 2009 Captain P.V.H. Weems Award presented by the Institute of Navigation for his role in GPS receiver development, for information on the very early history of GPS/INS integration.

      C. G. B. would like to thank Ohio University and many of its fine faculty, staff, and students that I have had the pleasure to interact with in my research and teaching over the years. Such a rich environment has enabled me to develop a wide variety of classes and research efforts that these writings draw upon. Thanks also goes to Neil Gerein and Jerry Freestone from NovAtel, Dave Brooks from Sensor Systems, James Horne from Roke, and Herbert Blaser from u‐blox for providing antenna information.

      Mohinder S. Grewal, Ph.D., P.E., is well known for his innovative application of Kalman filtering techniques to real world modeling problems and his ability to communicate this complex subject to his students. His original research appears in IEEE and ION refereed journals and proceedings. He holds patents in GUS clock steering and L1/L5 differential bias estimation. Dr. Grewal is Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Fullerton, which awarded him its 2008-2009 Outstanding Professor Award. His consulting associations include Raytheon Systems, Boeing Company, Lockheed‐Martin, University of California, Riverside, staff of the US Department of the Interior, Geodetics, and Northrop. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and member of the Institute of Navigation. His Ph.D. in Control Systems and Computers is from University of Southern California.

      Angus P. Andrews derived the first electrostatic bearing torque parametric models for calibrating electrostatic gyroscopes in 1967 at the Autonetics Division of Rockwell International, and then saw its development through two generations of strapdown inertial navigation systems to the N73 competitor for the US Air Force Standard Navigator. His career in inertial navigation also included derivations of new square root filtering formulas. His undergraduate degree is from MIT and his Ph.D. in mathematics is from University of California, Los Angeles.

      Chris G. Bartone, Ph.D., P.E., is a professor at Ohio University with over 35 years experience in communications, navigation, and surveillance systems. He received his Ph.D., E.E. from Ohio University, M.S.E.E. from the Naval Postgraduate School, and B.S. E.E. from The Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Bartone has developed and teaches a number of GNSS, antenna, and microwave classes. He is a recipient of the RTCA William E. Jackson award, the ION Captain P.V.H. Weems award, and is a Fellow of the ION. His research concentrates on all aspects of navigation systems.

      This book is accompanied by a companion website:

       www.wiley.com/go/grewal/gnss

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      The website includes:

       Solution Manual for Instructors only

       MATLAB files for selected chapters

       Appendices B and C

       A book on navigation? Fine reading for a child of six!1

      In this context, the word art is used in the sense of a skill, craft, method, or practice. The Greek word for it is τεχνυ, with which the Greek suffix ‐λoγια (the study thereof) gives us the word technology.

      1.1.1 Navigation‐Related Technologies

      In current engineering usage, the art of getting from A to B is commonly divided into three interrelated technologies:

       Navigation refers to the art of determining the current location of an object – usually a vehicle of some sort, which could be in space, in the air, on land, on or under the surface of a body of water, or underground. It could also be a comet, a projectile, a drill bit, or anything else we would like to locate and track. In modern usage, A and B may refer to the object's current and intended dynamic state, which can also include its velocity, attitude, or attitude rate relative to other objects. The practical implementation of navigation generally requires observations, measurements, or sensors to measure relevant variables, and methods of estimating the state of the object from the measured values.

       Guidance refers to the art of determining a suitable trajectory for getting the object to a desired state, which may include position, velocity, attitude, or attitude rate. What would be considered a “suitable” trajectory may involve such factors as cost, consumables and/or time required, risks involved, or constraints imposed by existing transportation corridors and geopolitical boundaries.

       Control refers to the art of determining what actions (e.g. applied forces or torques) may be required for getting the object to follow the desired trajectory.

      These distinctions can become blurred – especially in applications when they share hardware and software. This has happened in missile guidance [1], where the focus is on getting to B, which may be implemented without requiring the intermediate locations. The distinctions are clearer in what is called “Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation”