1
Judith Humphrey, “Taking the Stage: How Women Can Achieve a Leadership Presence,” Vital Speeches of the Day, May 1, 2001, 435–38.
2
Katty Kay and Claire Shipman, The Confidence Code: The Science and Art of Self-Assurance – What Women Should Know (New York: HarperCollins, 2014).
3
Judy B. Rosener, “Ways Women Lead,” Harvard Business Review, November–December 1990, 3–4.
4
Sarah Dinolfo, “High Potentials in the Pipeline: Leaders Pay It Forward,” Catalyst Research Release, June 13, 2012.
5
John Gerzema and Michael D'Antonio, The Athena Doctrine: How Women (and the Men Who Think Like Them) Will Rule the Future (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013), 8. In a proprietary global survey, the authors found that 66 percent of adults agree that “the world would be a better place if men thought more like women.”
6
Phyllis Korkki, “For Women, Parity Is Still a Subtly Steep Climb,” New York Times, October 8, 2011. Korkki quotes Ilene H. Lang, president and chief executive officer of Catalyst, who refers to “entrenched sexism” and “social norms that are so gendered and so stereotyped that even though we think we've gone past them, we really haven't.”
8
Stephanie Coontz, “The Myth of Male Decline,” New York Times, September 30, 2012, 5.
9
Pollard, “The Gender Gap in College Enrollment and Graduation,” 1.
10
Many sources point to this conclusion. Catalyst tells us that in Fortune 500 companies in 2013 women represented only 4.2 percent of CEOs, compared with 2.4 percent in 2009, and they represented 14.3 percent of executive officers in 2012, compared with 13.5 percent in 2009. See Catalyst, “Women in U.S. Management and Labor Force,” Knowledge Center/Catalyst.org, http://catalyst.org/knowledge/women-us-management-and-labor. Grant Thornton in 2012 stated, “Women hold one in five senior management roles globally, very similar to the level observed in 2004.” See The 2012 Grant Thornton International Business Report, “Women in Senior Management: Still Not Enough,” www.internationalbusinessreport.com/files/ibr2012%20-%20women%20in%20senior%20management%20master.pdf. The Rosenzweig Report on Women at the Top Levels of Corporate Canada shows that women in the named officer position of the top 100 biggest public companies in Canada have risen from 4.6 percent to only 8 percent over the past nine years, www.rosenzweigco.com/mediacenter/diversity/index.html. Catherine Rampell states in a New York Times article, “Still Few Women in Management, Report Says,” September 27, 2010: “As of 2007, the latest year for which comprehensive data on managers was available, women accounted for about 40 percent of managers in the United States work force. In 2000, women held 39 percent of management positions.” These data are from a Government Accountability Office report issued in 2012. Barbara Kellerman, a professor of leadership at Harvard's Kennedy School, writes in “The Abiding Tyranny of the Male Leadership Model – a Manifesto,” Harvard Business Review, April 27, 2010: “I'm sick of hearing how far we've come. I'm sick of hearing how much better situated we are now than before…The fact is that so far as leadership is concerned, women in nearly every realm are nearly nowhere.” Quoted in Hanna Rosin, The End of Men, New York: Riverhead Books, 2012, 198. A biennial survey from Columbia Business School and the Women's Executive Circle of New York, released in November 2013, found that the number of women leading top New York companies had flat-lined in recent years. See Mara Gay, “Women See Slow Progress in Leadership,” Wall Street Journal, November 14, 2013. See also Philip N. Cohen, “Jump-Starting the Struggle for Equality,” New York Times, Sunday, November 24, 2013, 9. Cohen writes that “the movement toward equality stopped. The labor force hit 46 percent female in 1994, and it hasn't changed much since. Women's full-time annual earnings were 76 percent of men's in 2001, and 77 percent in 2011.” Phyllis Korkki in “For Women, Parity Is Still a Subtly Steep Climb,” New York Times, October 8, 2011, writes, “Last year, women held about 14 percent of senior executive positions at Fortune 500 companies, according to the non-profit group Catalyst…That number has barely budged since 2005, after 10 years of slow but steady increases.” Finally, see Nancy M. Carter and Christine Silva's article, “Women in Management: Delusions of Progress,” Harvard Business Review, March 2010. The authors cite Catalyst research that shows “among graduates of elite MBA programs around the world – the high potentials on whom companies are counting to navigate the turbulent global economy – women continue to lag men at every single career stage, right from their first professional jobs. Reports of progress in advancement, compensation, and career satisfaction are at best overstated, at worst just plain wrong.” See full report at www.catalyst.org/publication/372/pipelines-broken-promise.
11
Coontz, “The Myth of Male Decline,” 5.
13
Warren Buffett, “Warren Buffett Is Bullish…on Women,” Fortune, May 20, 2013, 121, 124.
14
Deborah Tannen, Talking from 9 to 5: Women and Men at Work (New York: Quill, 2001), 42.
15
Adam Bryant, “Corner Office: Women and Leadership,” New York Times, Sunday, October 13, 2013, 6.
16
Patsy Rodenburg, “Powerspeak: Women and Their Voices in the Workplace,” in Well-Tuned Women: Growing Strong through Voicework, ed. Frankie Armstrong and Jenny Pearson (London: Women's Press, 2000), 100–101.
