45
World Council of Churches, Violence, Nonviolence, and the Struggle for Social Justice (Geneva, 1972), p. 6
46
Gerhard E. Lenski, Power and Privilege, pp. 105–14; O’Connell, Ride of Second Horseman, p. 28; E. O. Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge, Mass., 1978), p. 140; M. Ehrenburg, Women in Prehistory (London, 1989), p. 38
47
A. R. Radcliffe, The Andaman Islanders (New York, 1948), p. 43
48
Ibid., p. 177
49
John H. Kautsky, The Politics of the Aristocratic Empire, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick and London, 1997), p. 374
50
Ibid., p. 177
51
Keegan, History of Warfare, pp. 384–86; John Haldon, Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World (London and New York, 2005), pp. 10–11
52
Bruce Lincoln, ‘The Role of Religion in Achmenean Imperialism’, in Nicole Brisch, ed., Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond (Chicago, 2008)
53
Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence
54
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.26. Здесь и далее, за исключением оговоренных случаев, см.: английский перевод: Stephen Mitchell, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh: A New English Version (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, 2004). [Здесь и далее перевод И. Дьяконова. Цит. по изд.: Эпос о Гильгамеше («О все видавшем»). – СПб.: Наука, 2006. – Прим. пер.]
55
Ibid., 1.1.16–18
56
Ibid., 1.2.8–10
57
Древнейшие из сохранившихся текстов относятся к концу III тыс. до н. э. Старовавилонский эпос соединяет их в одном произведении (ок. 1700 г. до н. э.). Поэма Син-Леке (ок. 1200 г. до н. э.) представляет стандартный вариант, на котором основано большинство современных переводов
58
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.23. см.: перевод Митчелла и поправки в: Andrew George, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem in Akkadian and Sumerian (London, 1999)
59
George, Epic of Gilgamesh, p. xlvi
60
John Keegan, A History of Warfare (London, 1993), pp. 126–30; Robert L. O’Connell, Ride of the Second Horseman: The Birth and Death of War (New York and Oxford, 1995), pp. 88–89
61
R. M. Adams, Heartlands of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlements and Land Use on the Central Floodplains of the Euphrates (Chicago, 1981), pp. 60, 244; William H. McNeill, Plagues and People (London, 1994), p. 47
62
McNeill, Plagues and People, pp. 54–55
63
Gerhard E. Lenski, Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification (Chapel Hill and London, 1966), p. 228
64
A. L. Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization (Chicago, 1977), pp. 82–83; O’Connell, Ride of Second Horseman, pp. 93–95
65
Samuel N. Kramer, Sumerian Mythology: A Study of the Spiritual and Literary Achievement of the Third Millennium BC (Philadelphia, 1944), p. 118. [Цит. по изд.: Крамер С. История начинается в Шумере. – М.: Наука, 1965. – Прим. пер.]
66
Ibid., с. 145. [Цит. по изд.: Крамер С. История начинается в Шумере. – М.: Наука, 1965. – Прим. пер.]
67
Gottwald, The Politics of Ancient Israel (Louisville, 2001), pp. 118–19
68
O’Connell, Ride of Second Horseman, pp. 91–92
69
Georges Dumézil, The Destiny of the Warrior, trans. Alf Hiltebeitel (Chicago and London, 1969), p. 3
70
Thorkild Jacobsen, ‘The Cosmos as State’, in H. and H. A. Frankfort, eds, The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East (Chicago, 1946), pp. 148–51
71
Эпос о Гильгамеше, 1.2.1
72
Более подробно об этом см.: мою книгу: Армстронг К. Краткая история мифа. – М.: Открытый мир, 2005.
73
Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’, pp. 145–48; 186–97; George, Epic of Gilgamesh, pp. xxxvii – xxxviii
74
Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’, pp. 186–91; Tammi J. Schneider, An Introduction to Ancient Mesopotamian Religion (Grand Rapids, Mich. & Cambridge, UK, 2011), pp. 66–79; George, Epic of Gilgamesh, pp. xxxviii – xxxix
75
Schneider, Introduction, p. 5; Jacobsen, ‘Cosmos as State’ p. 203
76
John Kautsky, The Politics of Aristocratic Empire, 2nd. ed., pp. 15–16; 107
77
Thomas