Blockchain is algorithms and protocols for decentralized storage and processing of transactions structured as a sequence of linked blocks without the possibility of their subsequent change. Also, Blockchain is used for cryptocurrency by using individual nodes that run a system for cryptocurrency exchanges. Exchanges of cryptocurrency are validated by miners. Miners validity is checked by other nodes for correctness. The use of blockchain technology reduces transaction times and fraud. Companies, such as Tesla, take cryptocurrency as a form of payment but do not accept all. In 2021, Tesla began accepting Bitcoin (BCH) then several months later stopped accepting due to environmental issues with mining of bitcoin. Tesla stopped accepting Bitcoin due to the environmental implications created by mining cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency mining takes a substantial amount of electricity, generating a significant carbon footprint. Wit Bitcoin, there are several different types of crypto currencies including Ethereum (ETH), Litecoin (LTC), Cardano (ADA), Polkadot (DOT), Stellar (XLM), Dogecoin (DOGE), Biance Coin (BNB), Tether (USDT), Monero (XMR), with many more and a continuing amount of new currencies142.
Blockchain Technology refers to the way in which operators that don’t know each other can produce and maintain decentralized databases. The technology allows for the members of the chain trust each other even though they don’t know one another. The best-known blockchain technology application is the virtual currency Bitcoin143,144.
Blocking of personal data – temporary cessation of processing of personal data (except for cases where processing is necessary to clarify personal data).
Blog (a truncation of «weblog») is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page145.
Blogger is someone who writes regularly for an online journal or website. A political blogger might provide weekly commentary on current events146.
Blogosphere is the social universe created by online individuals using web log publishing platforms. Simply put, the blogosphere is a slang term for all the blogs on the internet. The blogosphere is often compared to grassroots journalism in that each member is able to post on any topic that catches their personal interest. The blogosphere is a powerful social network in that many popular bloggers have an audience measured in thousands and, in some cases, millions. However, the blogosphere is also very diverse, so the it does not represent a unified social unit – even though some of the social sub-groups within the blogosphere are. Post-based messaging services like Twitter are often considered part of the blogosphere despite the shorter length of the posts147.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) also known as Bluetooth 4.0, this is a wireless, personal-area network with short-range and low-power consumption that allows for objects to transmit data148.
Boolean neural network is an artificial neural network approach which only consists of Boolean neurons (and, or, not). Such an approach reduces the use of memory space and computation time. It can be implemented to the programmable circuits such as FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array or Integrated circuit).
Born-digital is a descriptor for information that is created in digital form, as opposed to digitized from analog sources149.
Brain Migration is a movement of highly-skilled professionals involved in intellectual or creative work as well as of potential specialists such as students and trainees going abroad for more than a year150.
Brain technology (Also self-learning know-how system) is a technology that employs the latest findings in neuroscience. The term was first introduced by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland, in the context of the ROBOY project. Brain Technology can be employed in robots, know-how management systems and any other application with self-learning capabilities. In particular, Brain Technology applications allow the visualization of the underlying learning architecture often coined as «know-how maps».
Brain—computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain—machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain’s electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb. Research on brain—computer interface began in the 1970s by Jacques Vidal at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA. The Vidal’s 1973 paper marks the first appearance of the expression brain—computer interface in scientific literature151.
Brain-inspired computing is calculations on brain-like structures, brain-like calculations using the principles of the brain (see also neurocomputing, neuromorphic engineering).
Broadband refers to various high-capacity transmission technologies that transmit data, voice, and video across long distances and at high speeds. Common mediums of transmission include coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, and radio waves152.
Brownfield refers to an existing industrial system targeted for new functionalities with zero operational disruptions153.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of places. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a place forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition154.
Business administration (also known as business management) is the administration of a commercial enterprise. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising business operations. From the point of view of management and leadership, it also covers fields that include office building administration, accounting, finance, designing, development, quality assurance, data analysis, sales, project management, information-technology management, research and development, and marketing155.
Business Blog (b-blog) is a blog of published, informal online articles that are either included in a company’s internal communications system (intranet) or posted on the Internet for the public to read. Business blogs use a more personal tone than corporate websites and are primarily used for public relations purposes. A business blog may also be referred to as a corporate blog or corporate Web log156.
Business Continuity – «Describes the processes and procedures an organization puts in place to ensure that essential functions can continue during and after a disaster.» A note regarding preservation: Backups vs Preservation: Disaster recovery strategies and backup systems are not sufficient to ensure survival and access to authentic digital resources over time. A backup is a short-term data recovery solution following loss