Augmented reality (AR) (Дополненная реальность) — An interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are “augmented” by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory, and olfactory.
Augmented reality technologies (Технологии дополненной реальности) are visualization technologies based on adding information or visual effects to the physical world by overlaying graphic and/or sound content to improve user experience and interactive features.
Auto Associative Memory (Автоассоциативная память) is a single layer neural network in which the input training vector and the output target vectors are the same. The weights are determined so that the network stores a set of patterns. As shown in the following figure, the architecture of Auto Associative memory network has “n’ number of input training vectors and similar “n’ number of output target vectors [61].
Autoencoder (Автокодер) – а type of Artificial Neural Network used to produce efficient representations of data in an unsupervised and non-linear manner, typically to reduce dimensionality [62].
Automata theory (Теория автоматов) – The study of abstract machines and automata, as well as the computational problems that can be solved using them. It is a theory in theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics (a subject of study in both mathematics and computer science). [63] Automata theory (part of the theory of computation) is a theoretical branch of Computer Science and Mathematics, which mainly deals with the logic of computation with respect to simple machines, referred to as automata [64].
Automated control system (Автоматизированная система управления) – a set of software and hardware designed to control technological and (or) production equipment (executive devices) and the processes they produce, as well as to control such equipment and processes.
Automated planning and scheduling (Also simply AI planning.) (Планирование ИИ) – A branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory [65].
Automated processing of personal data (Автоматизированная обработка персональных данных) – processing of personal data using computer technology.
Automated reasoning (Автоматизированное мышление) – An area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning. The study of automated reasoning helps produce computer programs that allow computers to reason completely, or nearly completely, automatically. Although automated reasoning is considered a sub-field of artificial intelligence, it also has connections with theoretical computer science, and even philosophy [66].
Automated system (Автоматизированная система) is an organizational and technical system that guarantees the development of solutions based on the automation of information processes in various fields of activity.
Automation (Автоматизация) is a technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human intervention.
Automation bias (Предвзятость автоматизации) – When a human decision maker favors recommendations made by an automated decision-making system over information made without automation, even when the automated decision-making system makes errors [67].
Autonomic computing (Автономные вычисления) is the ability of a system to adaptively self-manage its own resources for high-level computing functions without user input.
Autonomous (Автономность) – A machine is described as autonomous if it can perform its task or tasks without needing human intervention.
Autonomous artificial intelligence (Автономный искусственный интеллект) is a biologically inspired system that tries to reproduce the structure of the brain, the principles of its operation with all the properties that follow from this.
Autonomous artificial intelligence systems (Системы автономного искусственного интеллекта) – simulate the work and structure of the brain (thinking, creativity, emotions, will, freedom of choice and decision-making, search for new knowledge and making optimal decisions, memory, etc.). Such systems are also called adaptive artificial intelligence or neuromorphic artificial intelligence.
Autonomous car (Also self-driving car, robot car, and driverless car.) (Автономный автомобиль) – A vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving with little or no human input [68].
Autonomous robot (Автономный робот) — A robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree of autonomy. Autonomous robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of artificial intelligence, robotics, and information engineering [69].
Autonomous vehicle (Автономное транспортное средство) is a mode of transport based on an autonomous driving system. The control of an autonomous vehicle is fully automated and carried out without a driver using optical sensors, radar and computer algorithms.
Autoregressive Model (Авторегрессионная модель) – An autoregressive model is a time series model that uses observations from previous time steps as input to a regression equation to predict the value at the next time step. In statistics and signal processing, an autoregressive model is a representation of a type of random process. It is used to describe certain time-varying processes in nature, economics, etc. [70].
Auxiliary intelligence (Дополнительный интеллект) – systems based on artificial intelligence that complement human decisions and are able to learn in the process of interacting with people and the environment.
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