Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children. Группа авторов

and dissemination of behavioral treatment Conclusion References 20 Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Promoting Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance Introduction Operational definitions Relationships between PA levels and body mass Relationships between sedentary behavior and body mass Energy balance considerations Exercise and weight reduction Resistance training Exercise factors that may influence magnitude of weight loss Can walking interventions aid weight loss? Using other measures of excess weight to determine the metabolic benefit of exercise Biological response to weight loss from any type of intervention Evidence for metabolic adaptations to exercise Heterogeneity in exercise response and the concept of responders vs. nonresponders Use of exercise/PA as a tool to achieve weight loss maintenance (WLM) Conclusions References 21 Adjunctive Therapy, Including Pharmacotherapy Introduction and general principles Classification of obesity medication Currently approved drugs Potential future targets including medications not licensed for use in obesity The use of anti‐obesity drug therapy post‐bariatric surgery Conclusion References 22 The Management of Obesity Introduction The evolution of surgical technique Overview of outcomes from bariatric procedures Weight loss outcomes from bariatric surgery Changes in health after bariatric surgery Survival after bariatric surgery The Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study Safety of bariatric surgery Conclusion References 23 Weight Loss Maintenance and Weight Cycling What is weight loss maintenance and how is it defined? What lifestyle characteristics are associated with weight maintenance success? Interventions – what works for weight loss maintenance, and when Relationship between quantity of intentional weight loss and weight maintenance success Weight maintenance in those postbariatric surgery Weight loss maintenance post pharmacologically assisted weight loss Weight maintenance using Intermittent weight loss LELD approaches Clinical and commercial approaches for weight loss maintenance Conclusion References 24 Training and Medical Systems for Obesity Care The current state of obesity knowledge and care Medical education Provider training and competencies Obesity medicine education collaborative competencies Medical licensure Obesity medicine as a specialty Systems of care for obesity Summary References

      12  5 Childhood Obesity 25 The Prevention of Childhood Obesity Introduction Obesity prevention in clinical settings Early childhood Schools Behavior change interventions in communities Policy interventions in communities Country‐level Initiatives Sugary drink taxes Novel approaches to obesity prevention Criteria for the selection of prevention strategies Summary