Smart Grid and Enabling Technologies. Frede Blaabjerg. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Frede Blaabjerg
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Физика
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119422457
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sources into practical forms of energy – usually electricity, heat, chemicals, or mechanical energy. Figure 2.1 illustrates an outline of renewables utilized across the globe and Figure 2.2 illustrates the theoretical potential of the RES which are able to provide over 3000 times the current energy consumption around the world [6]. In 24 hours, the sunlight that reaches the earth generates sufficient energy to meet the present energy requirements for 8 years [7–9].

Schematic illustration of flowchart of the common renewable energy sources. Schematic illustration of renewable energy resources theoretical potential. Schematic illustration of total renewable power installed capacity (GW), including its annual growth rate, 2000–2019.

      This chapter summarizes the benefits, growth, investment and deployment. Furthermore, challenges of integrating them into the electricity grid will be addressed. The content of this chapter is an updated and extension of earlier authors' publication [9].

      2.2.1 Bioenergy Energy

      Biomass includes all organic materials originating from plants and trees and entails the use and storage of the sun's energy by photosynthesis. Biomass energy (bioenergy) is the transformation of biomass into practical forms of energy including heat, electricity, and liquid fuels (biofuels). Biomass for bioenergy can originate from lands, for example, from dedicated energy crops and from residues produced in the processing of crops for food or different products [13–15].

      Biomass has the ability to reliably deliver baseload power, making it more favorable than other RES including wind and solar, however, the big disadvantage of biomass fuel is the lack of efficiency it possesses. Even although biomass could be utilized to generate energy to meet customer demand, biomass has huge amounts of water per unit of weight, which implies that it lacks energy potential as fossil fuels. Furthermore, transportation costs for biomass are greater per unit of energy than fossil fuels due to its small energy density.

Schematic illustration of bioenergy conversion processes for different end products.
Potential benefits Technical limitations
Environmental benefitsReduced reliance on ecologically harming fossil fuelsA decline in greenhouse gas emissionsReduced brown haze and poisonous chemical emissions;Use of squander materials diminishing the requirement for landfill sites Economic gainsRelatively reasonable resourcesLocally disseminated vitality sources give consistency and reliabilityMore broadly disseminated which helps achieve energy securityGeneration of work openings in country communitiesBiomass and bioenergy innovation send out opportunitiesUtilizing the full potential of biomass as a renewable and boundless fuel source Environmental threats Use of protected soil for the production of biomassDrainage of municipal sources of waterStrong demand for fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides, resulting in increasing emissions of air and soilPotential climate change globally by increased CO2 production in the atmosphereThe use of GM crops and microorganisms could theoretically impact ecosystemsDecreased biodiversity from soil contamination and/or preferred crop agricultural agricultureIncreased emissions of wood‐burning

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