132 Walter da Silva Oliveira, Narrativas à luz d’A “Lanterna”: Anticlericalismo, anarquismo e representações (Diss., Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008), 13–14, 83.
133 Michel Ragon, Histoire de la littérature prolétarienne en France (Paris: A. Michel, 1974), 145.
134 Qtd. in J. Rafael Macan, “Prologo,” Narraciones anarco-sindicalistas de los años veinte (Barcelona: Icaria, 1978), 22–23, trans. mine.
135 Umberto Eco, Six Walks in the Fictional Woods (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 49.
136 Errico Malatesta, Anarchy, trans. Vernon Richards (London: Freedom Press, 2001), 15–16.
137 Errico Malatesta, The Anarchist Revolution, ed. and trans. Vernon Richards (London: Freedom Press, 1995), 98.
138 Roland Barthes, Image-Music-Text, ed. Stephen Hill (New York: Hill and Wang, 1977), 191–192; A Barthes Reader, ed. Susan Sontag (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 476.
139 Ricardo Mella, Ideario (Gijón, Spain: Impr. “La Victoria,” 1926), 242.
140 Francisco Ferrer y Guardia, The Origin and Ideals of the Modern School, trans. Joseph MacCabe (New York and London: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913), 28.
141 Wilson, “Amoral Responsibility,” 56–57; Jensen, interview in Margaret Killjoy, Mythmakers & Lawbreakers: Anarchist Writers on Fiction (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2009), 22. While many anarchists read Jensen (who does not self-identify as anarchist), they have criticized his recent attacks on transgendered people. Wilson, too, is highly controversial among anarchists for his defense of pedophilia.
142 Antonio Elorza, La utopía anarquista bajo la segunda república (Madrid: Editorial Ayuso, 1973), 370.
143 Carol Farley Kessler, Daring to Dream: Utopian Fiction by United States Women Before 1950 (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995), 112.
144 Martha A. Ackelsberg, Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2005); see also Mujeres Libres, “Salvemos a las mujeres de la dictadura de la mediocridad. Labor cultural y constructiva para ganar la guerra y hacer la Revolución,” in Mujeres Libres: España 1936–1939, ed. Mary Nash (Barcelona: Tusquets Editor, 1977), 93–95.
145 Errico Malatesta, Life and Ideas, ed. Richard Vernon (London: Freedom Press, 1965), 179.
146 Voltairine de Cleyre, Selected Works of Voltairine de Cleyre, ed. Alexander Berkman (New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association, 1914), 379.
147 Ibid., 79.
148 See, for example, de Cleyre’s “Literature the Mirror of Man” in Selected Works, 359–380; Gustav Landauer’s Ein Weg deutschen Geistes (München: Forum-Verlag, 1916) and “Fragment über Georg Kaiser” in Der werdende Mensch, 349–355; Rudolf Rocker, Artistas y Rebeldes: escritos literarios y sociales (Buenos Aires: Argonauta, 1922); B. Rivkin, Di Grunt Tendentsin fun Yiddishe Literatur (New York: Ikuf, 1947); Ethel Mannin, Bread and Roses: An Utopian Survey and Blue-Print (London: Macdonald, 1944); Herbert Read, Icon and Idea: The Function of Art in the Development of Human Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955); George Woodcock, The Writer and Politics (London: Porcupine Press, 1948); Paul Goodman, Speaking and Language: Defence of Poetry (New York: Random House, 1972).
149 Flecha qtd. in Ruiz Eugenio and Siles Molina, “Aportaciones de Mujeres Libres,” 344.
150 Juan Suriano, Anarquistas: Cultura y política libertaria en Buenos Aires, 1890–1910 (Buenos Aires: Manantial, 2001), 39.
151 George Richard Esenwein, Anarchist Ideology and the Working-Class Movement in Spain, 1868–1898 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989)132–133; Gerald Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth: An Account of the Social and Political Background of the Civil War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950), 163; Murray Bookchin, The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years, 1868–1936 (San Francisco: AK Press, 1998), 105.
152 Parallel forms developed among anarchists elsewhere. In France, for instance, “groupes” gave themselves names like “Les Enfants de la Nature [The Children of Nature],” “Les Gonzes Poilus du Point-du-Jour [The Hairy Guys of Point-du-Jour],” “Les Indomptables [The Uncontrollables],” “Les Niveleurs [The Levellers],” “Les Insoumises [Disobedient Women],” or “Les Revoltées [Women In Revolt]” (Félix Dubois, Le péril anarchiste: l’organisation secrète du parti anarchiste [Paris: E. Flammarion, 1894], 43; David Berry, History of the French Anarchist Movement, 314).
153 Carpeña qtd. in Ruiz Eugenio and Siles Molina, “Aportaciones de Mujeres Libres,” 343.
154 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Selected Writings of P.-J. Proudhon, ed. Stewart Edwards, trans. Elizabeth Fraser (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1969), 121–122.
155 Harold Bloom, Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 21; Benjamin, Illuminations, 231. For comparison, see Jonathan Lethem, “The Ecstasy of Influence: A Plagiarism,” Harper’s 314 (February 2007): 59–71.
156 See the entries for “Éternel retour” and “Répétition” in Daniel Colson’s Petit lexique, 99–108 and 279–281.
157 See, for instance, Peter Kropotkin’s citation of Turguenev’s unfavorable comparison of the hung-up intellectual Hamlet, who knows a hawk from a handsaw, to Don Quixote, “the man of action” who knows that windmills are giants—and more importantly, that “the witches, the giants,” i.e., “the forces hostile to mankind” that must be fought against, are “the oppressors” (Ideals and Realities, 110–112).
158 Goodman, Speaking and Language, 160; Taylor Stoehr, “Introduction,” in Paul Goodman, The Facts of Life: Stories, 1940–1949, ed. Taylor Stoehr (Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow