The Sanctuary’s Imperial Architectural Development, Conflict with Christianity, and Final Days
CYRENE FINAL REPORTS
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume I. Background and Introduction to the Excavations, Donald White, 1984.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume II. The East Greek, Island, and Laconian Pottery, Gerald P. Schaus, 1985.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume III. Part I: Scarabs, Inscribed Gems, and Engraved Finger Rings, Steven Lowenstam; Part II: Attic Black Figure and Black Glazed Pottery, Mary B. Moore; Part III: Hellenistic and Roman Fine Wares, Philip M. Kenrick; Part IV: Conservation of Objects, Tamsen Fuller, 1987.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume IV. Part I: The Small Finds, P. Gregory Warden; Part II: Glass, Andrew Oliver; Part III: Faunal and Human Skeletal Remains, Pam J. Crabtree and Janet Monge, 1990.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume V. The Site’s Architecture, Its First Six Hundred Years of Development, Donald White, 1993.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume VI. Part I: The Coins, T.V. Buttrey; Part II: Attic Pottery, Ian McPhee, 1997.
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya, Final Reports. Volume VII. The Corinthian Pottery, Arcadia Kocybala, 1999.
University Museum Monograph 134
THE EXTRAMURAL SANCTUARY OF DEMETER
AND PERSEPHONE AT CYRENE, LIBYA
FINAL REPORTS
Donald White, Series Editor
VOLUME VIII
The Sanctuary’s Imperial Architectural Development, Conflict with Christianity, and Final Days
Donald White
with Joyce Reynolds
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY PHILADELPHIA
for
THE LIBYAN DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES
As-Saray Al-Hamra
Tripoli
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
The Extramural Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya.
(University Museum monograph: 52. 56. 66. 67. 76. 97. 95. 134)
Arabic and English
Spine title: Cyrene final reports
Excavations conducted by the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Department of Antiquities of the People’s Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Two folded plans in pocket, v. 1.
Includes bibliographic references and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. Background and introduction to the excavations / Donald White—v. 2. The East Greek, island, and Laconian pottery / Gerald P. Schaus—v. 3. Scarabs, inscribed gems, and engraved finger rings. Attic black figure and black glazed pottery. Hellenistic and Roman fine wares. Conservation of objects / Steven Lowenstam, Mary B. Moore, Philip M. Kenrick, Tamsen Fuller—v. 4. The small finds. Glass. Faunal and human skeletal remains / P. Gregory Warden, Andrew Oliver, Pam J. Crabtree, Janet Monge—v. 5. The site’s architecture, its first six hundred years of development / Donald White—v. 6. The coins. Attic pottery / T.V. Buttrey, Ian McPhee—v. 7. The Corinthian pottery / Arcadia Kocybala.
1. Demeter (Greek deity)—Cult. Persephone (Greek deity)—Cult. 3. Excavations (Archaeology)—Libya. 4. Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone (Cyrene). 5. Cyrene (Ancient city). 6. Libya—Antiquities. I. White, Donald, 1935–II. University of Pennsylvania. University Museum. III. Libya. Masalahat al-Athar. IV. Title. V. Title: Cyrene final reports. VI Series. VII. Series: University Museum monograph ; 52, etc.
DT239.C9E98 1984 939’.75 83-19866
ISBN 0-934718-50-4 (set)
ISBN 0-934718-51-2 (v. 1)
ISBN 0-934718-55-5 (v. 2)
ISBN 0-934718-71-6 (v. 3)
ISBN 0-934718-50-4 (v. 4)
ISBN 0-924171-17-0 (v. 5)
ISBN 0-924171-48-0 (v. 6)
ISBN 0-924171-45-6 (v. 7)
ISBN 978-1-934536-46-9 (v. 8)
ISBN-13: 978-1-934536-46-9 (cloth)
ISBN-10: 1-934536-46-6 (cloth)
© 2012 by the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Philadelphia, PA
All rights reserved. Published 2012
Published for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology by the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.
Dedicated to Mick Wright and Dorothy Thorn, united in their long devotion to this often wayward and difficult land, as well as to my distinguished co-author, Joyce Reynolds, who knows everything and more about “the Divine City of Golden-Throned Cyrene.”
And in memory of my brother Frank White, François Chamoux, David Hopkins, and James Thorn.
Reconstruction by David Hopkins of the sanctuary at its fullest development toward the end of the 2nd century A.D.
Contents
Abbreviations and Bibliography
I Part 1: Background to the Early Imperial Period
Part 2: The Early Imperial Walled Remains, 31 B.C.–A.D. 115
II Part 1: Sanctuary Development from A.D. 115–262
Part 2: Building Alterations before the A.D. 262 Earthquake
III Part 1: Background to the Years A.D. 262–365
Part 2: The Sanctuary’s Final Construction
IV Part 1: Sanctuary Iconclasm