Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion, Turkey
Flock of sheep grazing on field stubble near Gordion. The flat Citadel mound is visible midground to the far left, and the Küş Tepe is the conical mound in the center, through the trees. (Early July, 1992)
GORDION SPECIAL STUDIES
I: The Nonverbal Graffiti, Dipinti, and Stamps by Lynn E. Roller, 1987
II: The Terracotta Figurines and Related Vessels by Irene Bald Romano, 1995
III: Gordion Seals and Sealings: Individuals and Society by Elspeth R. M. Dusinberre, 2005
IV: The Incised Drawings from Early Phrygian Gordion by Lynn E. Roller, 2009
GORDION EXCAVATIONS FINAL REPORTS
I: Three Great Early Tumuli by Rodney S. Young, 1982
II: The Lesser Phrygian Tumuli. Part 1: The Inhumations by Ellen L. Kohler, 1995
III: The Bronze Age by Ann Gunter, 1991
IV: The Early Phrygian Pottery by G. Kenneth Sams, 1994
MUSEUM MONOGRAPH 131
GORDION SPECIAL STUDIES V
Botanical Aspects of Environment and Economy at Gordion, Turkey
Naomi F. Miller
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
PHILADELPHIA
The publication of this volume was made possible by a generous grant from an anonymous donor.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Miller, Naomi Frances.
Botanical aspects of environment and economy at Gordion, Turkey / Naomi F. Miller.
p. cm. -- (Gordion special studies ; 5) (Museum monograph ; 131)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-934536-15-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Gordion (Extinct city)--Antiquities. 2. Gordion (Extinct city)--Environmental conditions. 3. Excavations (Archaeology)--Turkey--Gordion (Extinct city) 4. Plant remains (Archaeology)--Turkey--Gordion (Extinct city) 5. Land use--Turkey--Gordion (Extinct city) 6. Agriculture--Turkey--Gordion (Extinct city) 7. Landscape changes--Turkey--Gordion (Extinct city) 8. Turkey--Antiquities. I. Title.
DS156.G6M55 2010
939’.26--dc22
2010024007
ISBN-13: 978-1-934536-15-5 (cloth)
ISBN-10: 1-934536-15-6 (cloth)
© 2010 by the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Philadelphia, PA
All rights reserved. Published 2010
Published for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology by the University of Pennsylvania Press.
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper.
Contents
2. Environment, Vegetation, and Land Use
Recent Land Use—Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fuel
Ancient Climate and Vegetation
3. Field to Laboratory: Collection and Processing of Wood Charcoal and Flotation Samples
Nature of the Deposits—Burnt Buildings vs. Ordinary Occupation Debris
Field Collection of Wood Charcoal
Field Sampling for Flotation
Representativeness
Laboratory Procedures—Samples, Sorting, Recording, and Quantification
4. Analysis of the Wood Charcoal Sample
Methodological and Analytical Assumptions
The Taxa: Ecological Significance
Distribution of the Charcoal in Time and Space
Results of the Charcoal Analysis
5. Analysis of the Flotation Samples
Methodological and Analytical Assumptions
Quantification of the Remains from Occupation Debris
The Taxa: Economic and Ecological Significance
Distribution of the Taxa in Time and Space
Flotation Samples from Burned Buildings
6. Interpretation—Summary and Conclusions
Vegetation Cover and Changes over Time
Integrated Economies and Archaeobiological Data
Cultural Affiliation
Summary of Results
Appendix A. Flotation Samples: Laboratory Protocol for Gordion