132 Young Ireland, 19 February 1921 (letter of Pollock on p. 1).
133 Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith, 263.
134 Churchill Archives, CHAR22/11/2, Craig to Churchill, 11 Jan. 1922.
135 Documents on Irish foreign policy, vol. 2 (Dublin, 2002), nos 358–68.
136 Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith, 261–2.
137 As early as the autumn of 1921, O’Duffy was making protest speeches in Armagh that his official reports, made in his capacity as liaison officer, to British authorities on various abuses of police authority in Ulster were being completely ignored, and so ‘I say that it is time we should take steps to protect ourselves.’ Young Ireland, 5 Nov. 1921, p. 1. He continued in this tone during the spring of 1922. Although O’Duffy notoriously lacked political acumen, Northern unionists had hitherto been complicit in deliberate British efforts to destabilise the whole of Ireland, both economically and politically, by means of provoking disturbances in Ulster. Churchill Archives, Lord Hankey papers, HNKY1/5, diary entry for 7 Sep. 1920; Westminster Parliamentary Archives, Lloyd George papers, F25/1/42, Tom Jones to Lloyd George, 15 Jun. 1921 (report of Irish Situation Committee).
138 Churchill Archives, CHAR22/13/40–1, 58–60.
139 Arthur Griffith, Arguments for the treaty (Dublin, 1922); Michael Collins, Arguments for the treaty (Dublin, 1922).
140 Dáil Éireann, Debate on the treaty between Great Britain and Ireland (Dublin, 1922); Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith, 270–91.
141 Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith, 327–8.
142 Michael Collins, The path to freedom (Dublin, 1922), 43.
143 ‘France and Ireland’, Young Ireland, 24 Dec. 1921. The Office of Chief Herald remained in existence in Ireland.
144 Statement made by Poincaré on the conclusion of the World Conference of the Irish Race (30 Jan. 1922), reproduced in Young Ireland, 11 Feb. 1922.
145 Mark Tierney, ‘Calendar of Irlande, vols 9, 10 and 11’, Collectanea Hibernica, no. 25 (1983), 209–12 (quote p. 211).
146 Gerard Keown, ‘The Irish race conference 1922 reconsidered’, Irish historical studies, vol. 32 no. 127 (May 2001), 372–3.
147 Lists of delegates can be found in NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8431/2. Correspondence from several delegates to O’Brien can be found in the Ó Briain papers.
148 Copies of this report can be found in NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8456/5–6.
149 Copies of MacNeill’s report and that of other delegates at the conference can be found in NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8456/5–6.
150 NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8432/45, 8460/55, 8426/25, 8432/33, 8445/20, 8432/16. G.N. Plunkett, a one-time foreign affairs minister of the Dáil, was also a champion of this idea of focusing entirely on party politics in Britain. NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8423/13, Plunkett to O’Brien, 27 Oct.1922.
151 Gerard Keown, The first of the small nations, quote p. 83.
152 Young Ireland, 4 Feb. 1922. Excepting Marc Sangnier, who held his own reception for all Irish attendees (Irish Examiner, 30 Jan. 1922), no French politician appears to have taken an interest in the conference, although the French police sent some intelligence reporters. Mark Tierney, ‘Calendar of Irlande’.
153 Copies of MacNeill’s report and that of other delegates at the conference can be found in NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Ms8456/5–6.
154 Speech of Griffith in the Dáil debates of 28 Feb. 1922, which can be found at https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/find/.
155 Speech of J.J. Walsh in the Dáil debates of 28 Feb. 1922, which can be found at https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/find/.
156 Paul Rouse, ‘When Ireland’s Tailteann Games eclipsed the Olympics’, Irish Examiner, 18 Nov. 2016.
157 Speech of de Valera in the Dáil debates on Fine Gaedhael, 2 Mar. 1922, which can be found at https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/find/.
158 Speech of de Valera at the Dáil debates on Fine Gaedhael, 8 Jun. 1922, which can be found at https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/find/. Mary MacSwiney spoke to the same effect.
159 Speeches of MacCartan, Collins, Boland and Gavan Duffy in the Dáil debates on Fine Gaedhael, 8 Jun.1922, which can be found at https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/find/.
160 NLI, Art Ó Briain papers, Mss8461/17, 8456/4, 8429/29, 8421/7, 8426/22. Fine Gaedhael’s official motto was an expression of Patrick Pearse’s, that ‘beyond all telling is the destiny which God has in store for Ireland’.
161 Robert Brennan, Allegiance (Dublin, 1950), 334–6.
162 Irish Examiner, 30 Jan. 1922.
163 Mark Tierney (ed.), ‘Calendar of Irlande, vols 1, 2,