25 Elizabeth McKillen, ‘Ethnicity, class and Wilsonian internationalism reconsidered: the Mexican-American and Irish-American left and US foreign relations 1914–1922’, Diplomatic history, vol. 25 (fall 2001), 553–87.
26 Earl of Midleton, Ireland: dupe or heroine (London, 1932), 142–7 (quote p. 147).
27 Nationality, 15 Dec. 1917.
28 Walter Lippmann, ‘The intimate papers of Colonel House’, Foreign affairs, vol. 4 (1926), 383–93.
29 Documents on Irish foreign policy, vol. 1 (Dublin, 1998), no. 2.
30 James Quinn, ‘James Bryce (1838–1922)’, Dictionary of Irish biography (Cambridge, 2009).
31 Catherine B. Shannon, Arthur J. Balfour and Ireland 1874–1922 (Washington D.C., 1988); Earl of Midleton, Ireland: dupe or heroine (London, 1932).
32 Nationality, 23 Jun., 30 Jun, 18 Aug., 6 Oct. 1917; Gerard Keown, First of the small nations: the beginnings of Irish foreign policy in the interwar years 1919–1932 (Oxford, 2015), 30.
33 Nationality, 12 Oct. 1918 (editorial).
34 Dáil Éireann, Miontuaric an chead Dala 1919–1921 (Dublin, 1994), minutes for 11 Apr 1919; Documents on Irish foreign policy, vol. 1 (Dublin, 1998), no. 4.
35 Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith (Dublin, 2015), 208.
36 ‘England, Ireland and America’, Nationality, 16 Aug. 1919.
37 ‘America, Ireland and the general election’, Nationality, 31 Aug. 1918.
38 Gerard Keown, First of the small nations: the beginnings of Irish foreign policy in the interwar years 1919–1932 (Oxford, 2015), 42.
39 Michael Doorley, Irish-American diaspora nationalism, 93, 96–100, 105, 112–13.
40 G.C. Herring, From colony to superpower: US foreign relations since 1776 (Oxford, 2008), 436.
41 Gerard Keown, First of the small nations, 30, 39–41, 43.
42 Earl of Midleton, Ireland: dupe or heroine (London, 1932), chapter 13.
43 ‘The coming of America’, Nationality, 2 Aug. 1919; ‘England, Ireland and America’, Nationality, 16 Aug. 1919; ‘The perils of Europe’, Nationality, 16 Aug. 1919.
44 J.B. Duff, ‘The Versailles Treaty and the Irish Americans’, Journal of American history, vol. 55 (Dec. 1968), 582–98.
45 ‘Sinn Féin’, Nationality, 12 Jul. 1919; ‘Ireland and Sweden’, Nationality, 9 Aug. 1919; ‘Free Trade’, Nationality, 16 Aug. 1919; ‘The perils of Europe’, Nationality, 16 Aug. 1919; ‘Ireland and Australia’, Nationality, 23 Aug. 1919; ‘National Bank’, Nationality, 16 March 1918; Nationality, 23 Aug. 1919, p. 2.
46 ‘Our foreign trade’, Nationality, 23 Aug. 1919; Young Ireland, 10 Jan., 17 Jan., 11 Dec. 1920; Young Ireland, 23 May, 25 Jun., 18 Jul., 27 Aug. 1921.
47 Eoin McLaughlin and Nathan Foley Fisher, ‘State dissolution, sovereign debt and default: lessons from the UK and Ireland 1920–1938’, European historical economics working paper no. 61 (August 2014), 20–4.
48 Dáil Éireann, miontuaric an Chead Dala, 1919–1921 (Dublin, 1994), 151–3, 167–86; Lionel Smith-Gordon, The place of banking in the national programme (Dublin, 1921).
49 Owen McGee, Arthur Griffith (Dublin, 2015), chapters 8–9; Bureau of Military History WS1170.
50 Thomas J. Morrissey, Laurence O’Neill (Dublin, 2016), 190–1.
51 Andy Bielenberg, ‘Fatalities in the Irish revolution’, in J. Crowley, D. O’Driscoll, M. Murphy (eds), Atlas of the Irish revolution (Cork, 2017), 752–61.
52 Dáil Éireann, miontuaric an Chead Dala, 1919–1921 (Dublin, 1994), minutes for Aug. 1919.
53 Young Ireland, 24 Jan. 1920; 23 May, 18 Jul. 1921.
54 Bernadette Whelan, US foreign policy and Ireland (Dublin, 2006), 74–80, 378, 516.
55 Friends of Irish Freedom Newsletter, 6 Feb. 1920.
56 For press coverage of de Valera’s American lecture tours, see Dave Hannigan, De Valera in America (New York, 2010).
57 Nationality, 17 Apr., 8 Jun., 15 Jun. 1918 (quote from New York Times).
58 Nationality, 7 Sep. 1918 (quoting O’Connor in London on his return from America) In a would-be direct address to Woodrow Wilson during April 1918, de Valera had argued that ‘Ireland is the acid test of England’s sincerity.’ Nationality, 21 Sep. 1918.
59 Gerard Keown, First of the small nations, 32–3; Documents on Irish foreign policy, vol. 1 (Dublin, 1998), nos 11, 59 and 67.
60 Documents on Irish Foreign Policy, vol. 1 (Dublin, 1998), no. 10 (quote p. 14).