Дискретная математика. Краткий курс. Учебное пособие. Александр Анатольевич Казанский. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Александр Анатольевич Казанский
Издательство: Проспект
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Математика
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9785392196043
Скачать книгу
полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

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