13 9 Thermo-Catalytic Conversion of Non-Edible Seeds (Extractive-Rich Biomass) to Fuel Oil 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Thermochemical Technologies for Liquid Biofuel Production 9.3 Feedstock Classification for Biofuel Production 9.4 Characterization of Non-Edible Oil Seeds 9.5 Thermal Degradation Profile of Different Non-Edible Seeds 9.6 Preparation of Raw Materials for Pyrolysis 9.7 Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Thermal Conversion for Liquid Fuel Production 9.8 Need for Up-Gradation of Pyrolytic Oil 9.9 Application of Catalyst in Pyrolysis of Non-Edible Biomass 9.10 Effect of Parameters on Liquid Fuel Production 9.11 Fuel Properties of Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolytic Oil 9.12 Challenges in Utilization of Nonedible Oil Seed in Themocatalytic Conversion Process 9.13 Advantages and Drawbacks of Seed Pyrolytic Oils 9.14 Precautions Associated with the Application of Biofuel 9.15 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References
14 10 Suitability of Oil Seed Residues as a Potential Source of Bio-Fuels and Bioenergy 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Biomass Conversion Processes 10.3 Biomass to Bioenergy via Thermal Pyrolysis 10.4 Physicochemical Characterization of Bio-Oil 10.5 Engine Performance Analysis 10.6 Future Prospects and Recommendations 10.7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References
15 11 Co-Conversion of Algal Biomass to Biofuel 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Mechanism of Co-Pyrolysis Process 11.3 Factors Impacting Co-Pyrolysis 11.4 Recent Advances and Studies on Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Different Substrates 11.5 Effect between Biomass and Different Substrates in Co-Pyrolysis 11.6 Future Perspectives 11.7 Conclusion References
16 12 Pyrolysis of Caryota Urens Seeds: Fuel Properties and Compositional Analysis 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Types of Pyrolysis Reactor 12.3 Materials and Methods 12.4 Product Analysis 12.5 Kinetic Modelling 12.6 Result and Discussion 12.7 Conclusion Acknowledgements Nomenclature References
17 13 Bio-Butanol as Biofuels: The Present and Future Scope 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Butanol Global Market 13.3 History of ABE Fermentation 13.4 Feedstocks 13.5 Pretreatment Techniques 13.6 Fermentation Techniques 13.7 Conclusion References
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14 Application of Nanotechnology in the Production of Biofuel
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Various Nanoparticles Used for Production of Biofuel
14.3 Factors Affecting the Performance of Nanoparticles in the Manufacturing Process of Biofuel
14.4 Role of Nanomaterials in the Synthesis of Biofuels
14.5