Conclusions
AKI has been identified as a commonly occurring independent risk factor for causing morbidity and mortality. Given that there are no effective therapies to treat AKI, prevention is critical to improve outcomes. The quality of assessing AKI risk shall be improved for effective prevention. The methodology of quality measure shall be scientific and reasonable.
References
1Kellum JA, Lameire N: Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (part 1). Crit Care 2013;17:204.
2Hoste EA, Schurgers M: Epidemiology of acute kidney injury: how big is the problem? Crit Care Med 2008;36(4 suppl):S146–S151.
3Kaufman J, Dhakal M, Patel B, Hamburger R: Community-acquired acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;17:191–198.
4Selby NM, Crowley L, Fluck RJ, McIntyre CW, Monaghan J, Lawson N, Kolhe NV: Use of electronic results reporting to diagnose and monitor AKI in hospitalized patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:533–540.
5Kellum JA, Murugan R: Effects of non-severe acute kidney injury on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2016;20:159.
6Xu JR, Zhu JM, Jiang J, Ding XQ, Fang Y, Shen B, Liu ZH, Zou JZ, Liu L, Wang CS, Ronco C, Liu H, Teng J: Risk factors for long-term mortality and progressive chronic kidney disease associated with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e2025.
7Lewington AJ, Cerda J, Mehta RL: Raising awareness of acute kidney injury: a global perspective of a silent killer. Kidney Int 2013;84:457–467.
8Mehta RL, Burdmann EA, Cerda J, Feehally J, Finkelstein F, Garcia-Garcia G, Godin M, Jha V, Lameire NH, Levin NW, Lewington A, Lombardi R, Macedo E, Rocco M, Aronoff-Spencer E, Tonelli M, Zhang J, Remuzzi G: Recognition and management of acute kidney injury in the international society of nephrology 0by25 global snapshot: a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet 2016;387:2017–2025.
9Mehta RL, Cerda J, Burdmann EA, Tonelli M, Garcia-Garcia G, Jha V, Susantitaphong P, Rocco M, Vanholder R, Sever MS, Cruz D, Jaber B, Lameire NH, Lombardi R, Lewington A, Feehally J, Finkelstein F, Levin N, Pannu N, Thomas B, Aronoff-Spencer E, Remuzzi G: International society of nephrology’s 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology. Lancet 2015;385:2616–2643.
10Ronco C, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Mehta RL: Acute dialysis quality initiative (ADQI). Contrib Nephrol 2013;182:1–4.
11Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta R: Acute dialysis quality initiative (ADQI). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16:1555–1558.
12Fang Y, Teng J, Ding X: Acute kidney injury in china. Hemodial Int 2015;19:2–10.
13Aitken E, Carruthers C, Gall L, Kerr L, Geddes C, Kingsmore D: Acute kidney injury: outcomes and quality of care. QJM 2013;106:323–332.
14Gong Y, Zhang F, Ding F, Gu Y: Elderly patients with acute kidney injury (AKI): clinical features and risk factors for mortality. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012;54:e47-e51.
15Hsu CY, Chertow GM, McCulloch CE, Fan D, Ordonez JD, Go AS: Nonrecovery of kidney function and death after acute on chronic renal failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:891–898.
16Hsu CY, Ordonez JD, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Go AS: The risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2008;74:101–107.
17Khosla N, Soroko SB, Chertow GM, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Paganini E, Mehta RL: Preexisting chronic kidney disease: a potential for improved outcomes from acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:1914–1919.
18Lo LJ, Go AS, Chertow GM, McCulloch CE, Fan D, Ordonez JD, Hsu CY: Dialysis-requiring acute renal failure increases the risk of progressive chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2009;76:893–899.
19Riley S, Diro E, Batchelor P, Abebe A, Amsalu A, Tadesse Y, Williams J, Phillips AO: Renal impairment among acute hospital admissions in a rural Ethiopian hospital. Nephrology (Carlton) 2013;18:92–96.
20Bagshaw SM, Goldstein SL, Ronco C, Kellum JA: Acute kidney injury in the era of big data: the 15(th) consensus conference of the acute dialysis quality initiative (ADQI). Can J Kidney Health Dis 2016;3:5.
21National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK): Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention, Detection and Management up to the Point of Renal Replacement Therapy. London, Royal College of Physicians (UK), 2013.
22Rizo-Topete LM, Rosner MH, Ronco C: Acute kidney injury risk assessment and the nephrology rapid response team. Blood Purif 2017;43:82–88.
23Jiang W, Teng J, Xu J, Shen B, Wang Y, Fang Y, Zou Z, Jin J, Zhuang Y, Liu L, Luo Z, Wang C, Ding X: Dynamic predictive scores for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5:pii:e003754.
24Palomba H, de Castro I, Neto AL, Lage S, Yu L: Acute kidney injury prediction following elective cardiac surgery: AKICS score. Kidney Int 2007;72:624–631.
25Thakar CV, Arrigain S, Worley S, Yared JP, Paganini EP: A clinical score to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:162–168.
Xiaoqiang Ding or Jie Teng
Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital
180 Fenglin Road
200032 Shanghai (China)
E-Mail [email protected] or [email protected]
Ding X, Rosner MH, Ronco C (eds): Acute Kidney Injury – Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2018, vol 193, pp 21–34 (DOI: 10.1159/000484960)
______________________