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Introduction
Crime is fascinating. How else can you explain why, as I’m preparing this second edition, 13 of the top 20 TV shows focus on criminal investigations and six of the top 13 podcasts are about true crime? But the study of crime is not only fascinating, it’s also terribly important. The U.S. and state governments (and, in turn, every U.S. taxpayer) spend hundreds of billions of dollars every year combating crime. In 2020, large-scale protests over concerns about racism in our criminal justice system spread across the U.S., leading some to question whether funding of law enforcement is money well spent. Others urge even more spending to deal with a sudden rise in violent crime.
I’ve spent most of my career fighting crime at the local, state, and federal levels. I’ve worked with just about every category of law enforcement professional there is, from detectives to probation officers to terrorism experts to judges. And of the thousands of people I’ve known, I can count on one hand the number of people who weren’t committed to something larger than themselves — to serving their fellow human beings. If you’re considering joining these men and women in their fight against crime, or if you’re just curious how the entire criminal justice system works, you’ve picked up the right book.
Here, I explore both the world of crime and society’s response to it. Both topics are fascinating, exciting, and extremely vast. From the gangbanger who sells eight balls of crack on the street corner to the defense attorney fighting for his client’s rights, to the cop who’s just trying to get home to her family, I try to explain what people do and why they do it.
About This Book
Criminology For Dummies, 2nd Edition, isn’t a textbook (although, if you’re a student, it may help you understand your criminology textbook). It’s meant to give you an insider’s look into the world of crime and criminal justice. Throughout the book, I try to make the concepts and principles of criminology come alive, because nothing is more real than personally experiencing crime.
I try very hard to avoid the use of complex terms in this book. As a prosecutor who has stood in front of numerous juries, I know that the secret to communicating is using straightforward language. Some of the ideas in criminology are complex, but their explanations don’t have to be.
If you’re considering a career in criminal justice, you should know that I don’t pull any punches in this book. If I think a job is tough, I tell you so and give you the reasons why. But I also try to explain the job objectively so you can decide for yourself whether it’s the right move for you.
If you picked up this book simply because you’re fascinated by crime, you may want to set this book on the nightstand next to your collection of works by Ann Rule, Sue Grafton, Patricia Cornwell, James Patterson, or the hundreds of other writers who make crime — at least the fictional kind — fun.
So we’re sure to be on the same page, so to speak, I use the following general conventions throughout the book:
Bold text means that you’re meant to type the text just as it appears in the book. The exception is when you’re working through a steps list: Because each step is bold, the text to type is not bold.
Web addresses appear in monofont. If you’re reading a digital version of this book on a device connected to the Internet, note that you can click the web address to visit that website, like this: www.dummies.com.
Whenever I introduce a word or phrase that may not be familiar to you, I put that word in italics. You can rest assured a definition or explanation is nearby.
Also, to make the content more accessible, I divided it into six parts:
Part 1: Defining and Measuring Crime
Part 2: Identifying Types of Crime
Part 3: Figuring Out Who Commits Crimes and Why
Part 4: Fighting Crime
Part 5: Prosecuting and Punishing Crime
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Foolish Assumptions
This book covers such a wide array of information that I truly can’t assume I know why you’re reading it. Here are some wild guesses:
You’re a college student taking an introductory course in criminology, and you picked up this book to help you interpret some of the jargon in your 600-page textbook.
You’ve always thought about becoming a police officer or other law enforcement professional and are trying to gauge what the job entails and where it fits into the big picture of criminal justice.
You’re thinking about going to law school to become a prosecutor or public defender, and you want to know what you’d be in for.
You have a friend or relative entangled in the criminal justice system, and you want to be able to talk the talk so you can distinguish an arraignment from an appeal.
You’re addicted to CSI: Crime Scene Investigation or any number of other criminal investigation shows.
Whatever your motivation, I hope you find what you’re looking for in