Patty's Industrial Hygiene, Physical and Biological Agents. Группа авторов

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       Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data has been applied for.

      978-1-119-79153-9 (Volume 3, cloth)

      978-1-119-43802-1 (4-volume Set, cloth)

      Cover Image: Factory © Rashad Ashur / Shutterstock, Factory © Arcady / Shutterstock, Rod of Asclepius © Christos Georghiou / Shutterstock, Laboratory glass © Kristyna Henkeova / Shutterstock

      Cover Design: Wiley

Contributors

      Amit Bhattacharya, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Environmental and Public Health Science, Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      Nancy C. Burton, Ph.D., MPH, MS, CIH, Guest Lecturer, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      Allene H. Butler, MA, CIH, CSP, CHMM, Butler Health and Safety, San Pedro, CA, USA

      David C. Byrne, Ph.D., CCC‐A, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      Herman Cember, Ph.D., PE, CHP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

      Augusto Dulanto Chiang, MD, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

      Jesse Cooper, MSc, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, Canada

      Kermit Davis, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Environmental and Public Health Science, Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      Kenneth R. Foster, Ph.D., PE, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

      Frank J. Hearl, Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA

      Ingvar Holmér, Ph.D., Lunds Universitet, Faculty of Engineering, Lund, Sweden

      John Howard, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA

      Hongwei Hsiao, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA

      Tiina M. Ikäheimo, Ph.D., University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health, Oulu, Finland

      Jouni J.K. Jaakkola, MD, Ph.D., University of Oulu, Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health, Oulu, Finland

      Thomas E. Johnson, Ph.D., CHP, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

      Susan Kotowski, Ph.D., CPE, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      Kalev Kuklane, Ph.D., Lund University, Department of Design Sciences, Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund, Sweden

      Michael D. Larrañaga, Ph.D., PE, CIH, FAIHA, R.E.M. Risk Consultants, LLC

      Brian Lowe, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA

George Luxbacher, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA

      Kevin L. Michael, Ph.D., Michael & Associates, Inc, State College, PA, USA

      Vladimir Murashov, Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA

      Christopher M. Nelson, BSc (Hons), Ph.D., MIOA, Finch Consulting Ltd., Leicestershire, UK

      Tara N. Palmore, MD, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

      Margaret L. Phillips, Ph.D., CIH, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

      Claude A. Piantadosi, MD, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

      Tiina Reponen, Ph.D., Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

      John Sammarco, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

      Mona Shum, MSc, CIH, Aura Health and Safety Corporation, Burnaby, Canada

      David H. Sliney, Ph.D., Laser/Optical Radiation Program, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

      Richard A. Tell, MSc, Richard Tell Associates, Inc., Madison, AL, USA

PREFACE

      Industrial hygiene is an applied science and a profession. Like other applied sciences such as medicine and engineering, it is founded on basic sciences such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics. In a sense it is a hybrid profession because within its ranks are members of other professions – chemists, engineers, biologists, physicists, physicians, nurses, and lawyers. In their professional practice all are dedicated in one way or another to the purposes of industrial hygiene: the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of work‐related health hazards. The contributors to these volumes come from these professions.

      Although the term “industrial hygiene” used to describe our profession is probably of twentieth century origin, we must go further back in history for the origin of its words. The word “industry,” which has a dictionary meaning, “systematic labor for some useful purpose or the creation of something of value,” has its English origin in the fifteenth century. For “hygiene,” we must look even earlier. Hygieia, a daughter of Asclepius who is god of medicine in Greek mythology, was responsible for the preservation of health and prevention of disease. Thus, Hygieia, when she was dealing with people who were engaged in systematic labor for some useful purpose, was practicing our profession,