13 6 Impeller Systems Why Do We Need a System? Steps to Impeller System Design Choose Number of Impellers Choose Placement of Impellers Choose Type(s) of Impellers Choose Power Split or Distribution Among Impellers Choose D/T and/or Shaft Speed Design to Minimize Shear Damage Sparger Design Summary of Chapter References
14 7 Piloting for Mass Transfer Why Pilot for Mass Transfer Methods for Determining kla Equipment Needed for Scalable Data Experimental Protocol Summary of Chapter References
15 8 Power and Gas Flow Design and Optimization What This Chapter Is about Where We Are in Terms of Design Design with no Data Design with Limited Pilot Data Design with Full Data Choose Minimum Combined Power State of Design Completion Additional Considerations Summary of Chapter References
16 9 Optimizing Operation for Minimum Energy Consumption per Batch Purpose of This Chapter Prerequisite Conceptual Overview Detailed Procedure Practical Design Additional Considerations Summary of Chapter References
17 10 Heat Transfer Surfaces and Calculations Purpose of This Chapter Design Philosophy Overview of the Problem Heat Sources Cooling Sources Heat Exchange Surface Overview Principle of Heat Transfer Calculation Calculations By Type of Surface Example Problem: Vertical Tube Bundle Additional Consideration: Effect on Power Draw Additional Consideration: Forces on Heat Exchange Surfaces Used as Baffles Additional Consideration: Wall Viscosity Additional Consideration: Effect of Gas External Heat Exchange Loops Summary of Chapter References Further Readings
18 11 Gasses Other Than Air and Liquids Other Than Water General Principle Comments on Some Specific Gasses Economic Factors Disposal Factors Effects of Different Gasses on kla Effects of Different Gasses on Driving Force Operating Condition Effects Constraints on Outlet Concentration Safety Liquids Other Than Water Summary of Chapter References
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12 Viscous Fermentation
General Background
Sources of Viscosity
Viscosity Models for Broths
Effect of Viscosity on Power Draw
Effect of Viscosity on kla
Effect