In cases where non‐union fracture or graft rejection result in prolonged fracture healing, further surgical intervention may be indicated, depending upon the fracture configuration and intended use of the patient.
Expected outcome
Suboptimal or failure of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis processes induced by the graft will lead to instability and prolonged fracture healing. Graft rejection resulting in nonunion, fatigue fracture and implant failure has been reported [6].The consequences will depend upon the location and condition that was being treated; unstable long bone fractures will have a poor prognosis associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk, while other locations may be associated with prolonged healing and site infection and/or suboptimal cosmetic outcome but survival of the patient.
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11 Complications of Cryosurgery
Ann Martens DVM, PhD, DECVS
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
Overview
The goal of cryosurgery is to