About the Editors
Dr. Imran Farooq Dr. Imran Farooq graduated from Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan in 2007, and then worked in the same institute as a Clinical Demonstrator (Restorative Dentistry) for two years before joining Queen Mary, University of London (QMUL), UK, for his postgraduation in Oral Biology. After graduation from QMUL in 2011, he joined the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, in 2012. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Oral Biology Division. He has 10+ years’ experience in teaching oral biology and histology to dental students. He has published 70+ research articles and book chapters that have received 700+ citations to date. His research interests include biomaterials, dental materials, hard tissue mineralization, and dental education.
Dr. Saqib Ali Dr. Saqib Ali graduated from Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan in 2009, and then joined QMUL, UK, to pursue his postgraduation in Oral Biology. After graduating from QMUL in 2011, he worked as an Assistant Professor in the Oral Biology Department of Sardar Begum Dental College and Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan, and then, since 2016, he has been working as a faculty member (Course Director Oral Biology) in College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. He has 10+ years’ experience in teaching oral biology and histology to dental students. He has published 40+ research articles and book chapters that have received 200+ citations to date. His research interests include biomaterials, dental materials, hard tissue mineralization, and dental education.
Prof. Paul Anderson Prof. Paul Anderson graduated from Leeds in Biophysics and then completed a PhD in Biophysics in relation to Dentistry at the London Hospital Medical College (now part of QMUL). He has supervised 15 PhD students to completion, and has given invited research seminars in the Europe, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. He is currently an associate editor of Caries Research, and Hon. Asst. Secretary of British Society for Oral and Dental Research (BSODR). He is also chair of the Institute of Dentistry Dental Postgraduate Committee. In 2011, he started the UK’s first ever MSc in Oral Biology program in the United Kingdom, with now over 100 graduates. He has published 150+ research articles and book chapters that have received 2000+ citations to date. His research interests include X‐ray microscopy, enamel and hydroxyapatite chemistry, and the biophysical chemical effects of salivary proteins in dental hard tissue protection.
List of Contributors
Amr Bugshan Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Saqlain Gilani Department of Oral Biology Islamic International Dental College Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan
Shehriar Husain Department of Dental Materials Science Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
Erum Khan CODE‐M Center of Dental Education & Medicine Karachi, Pakistan and Bhitai Dental and Medical College Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Syed Ali Khurram Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield, United Kingdom
Zohaib Khurshid Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology College of Dentistry King Faisal University Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Juzer Shabbir Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry Karachi, Pakistan
Faraz Mohammed Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Fizza Saher Department of Oral Biology College of Dentistry Ziauddin University Karachi, Pakistan
Rizwan Ullah Department of Oral Biology Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
Muhammad Sohail Zafar Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Dentistry Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Dental Materials Islamic International Dental College Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan
About the Companion Website
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Sample preparation
1 Tooth Development
Saqib Ali1, Imran Farooq1, and Syed Ali Khurram2
1 Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
2 Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Figure 1.1 H and E stained section showing tooth development.
Tooth development starts on the 37th day of gestation with the formation of primary epithelial bands in the place of future upper and lower jaws. These horse‐shoe‐shaped bands correspond to the future dental arches. These epithelial bands then form two ingrowths called dental lamina (lingually positioned) and vestibular lamina (buccally positioned). These ingrowths extend into the mesenchyme which is surrounded by the neural crest cells. The vestibular lamina proliferates within the mesenchyme and leads to the formation of the vestibule (between the cheek and tooth‐bearing portion of the jaw). The dental lamina gives rise to epithelial outgrowths toward the mesenchyme due to continuous proliferative activity which correspond to the location of forthcoming deciduous teeth. The tooth development is divided into the following stages: bud, cap, and bell (early and late). These stages along with the changes happening in the tooth germ are discussed in detail in the following sections.
1.1 Bud Stage
Figure 1.2 H and E stained section showing the bud stage of tooth development.
Figure 1.3 H and E stained section showing the bud stage of tooth development.
1.1.1