72 Klap, C., Yeshayahou, E., Bolger, A.M. et al. (2017). Tomato facultative parthenocarpy results from Sl AGAMOUS‐LIKE 6 loss of function. Plant Biotechnology Journal 15 (5): 634–647.
73 Kleinstiver, B.P., Tsai, S.Q., Prew, M.S. et al. (2016). Genome‐wide specificities of CRISPR‐Cas Cpf1 nucleases in human cells. Nature Biotechnology 34 (8): 869.
74 Lawrenson, T., Shorinola, O., Stacey, N. et al. (2015). Induction of targeted, heritable mutations in barley and Brassica oleracea using RNA‐guided Cas9 nuclease. Genome Biology 16 (1): 258.
75 Lee, K., Zhang, Y., Kleinstiver, B.P. et al. (2019). Activities and specificities of CRISPR/Cas9 and Cas12a nucleases for targeted mutagenesis in maize. Plant Biotechnology Journal 17 (2): 362–372.
76 Lei, Y., Lu, L., Liu, H.Y. et al. (2014). CRISPR‐P: a web tool for synthetic single‐guide RNA design of CRISPR‐system in plants. Molecular Plant 7 (9): 1494–1496.
77 Li, T., Huang, S., Jiang, W.Z. et al. (2011). TAL nucleases (TALNs), hybrid proteins composed of TAL effectors and FokI DNAcleavage domain. Nucleic Acids Research 39: 359–372.
78 Li, T., Liu, B., Spalding, M.H. et al. (2012). High‐efficiency TALEN‐based gene editing produces disease‐resistant rice. Nature Biotechnology 30 (5): 390.
79 Li, J.F., Norville, J.E., Aach, J. et al. (2013). Multiplex and homologous recombination‐mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using guide RNA and Cas9. Nature Biotechnology 31: 688–691.
80 Li, Z., Liu, Z.B., Xing, A. et al. (2015). Cas9‐guide RNA directed genome editing in soybean. Plant Physiology 169 (2): 960–970.
81 Li, J., Meng, X., Zong, Y. et al. (2016). Gene replacements and insertions in rice by intron targeting using CRISPR–Cas9. Nature Plants 2 (10): 1–6.
82 Li, M., Li, X., Zhou, Z. et al. (2016). Reassessment of the four yield‐related genes Gn1a, DEP1, GS3, and IPA1 in rice using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 377.
83 Li, X., Zhou, W., Ren, Y. et al. (2017). High‐efficiency breeding of early‐maturing rice cultivars via CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Journal of Genetics and Genomics= Yi chuan xue bao 44 (3): 175.
84 Li, J., Zhang, H., Si, X. et al. (2017). Generation of thermosensitive male‐sterile maize by targeted knockout of the ZmTMS5 gene. Journal of Genetics and Genomics= Yi chuan xue bao 44 (9): 465.
85 Li, T., Yang, X., Yu, Y. et al. (2018). Domestication of wild tomato is accelerated by genome editing. Nature Biotechnology 36 (12): 1160–1163.
86 Li, B., Rui, H., Li, Y. et al. (2019). Robust CRISPR/Cpf1 (Cas12a)‐mediated genome editing in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Plant Biotechnology Journal 17 (10): 1862–1864.
87 Liang, Z., Zhang, K., Chen, K., and Gao, C. (2014). Targeted mutagenesis in Zea mays using TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system. Journal of Genetics and Genomics 41 (2): 63–68.
88 Lin, Y., Fine, E.J., Zheng, Z. et al. (2014). SAPTA: a new design tool for improving TALE nuclease activity. Nucleic Acids Research 42 (6): e47–e47.
89 Liu, Y., Han, J., Chen, Z. et al. (2017). Engineering cell signaling using tunable CRISPR–Cpf1‐based transcription factors. Nature Communications 8 (1): 1–8.
90 Lloyd, A., Plaisier, C.L., Carroll, D., and Drews, G.N. (2005). Targeted mutagenesis using zinc‐finger nucleases in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (6): 2232–2237.
91 Lowder, L.G., Zhang, D., Baltes, N.J. et al. (2015). A CRISPR/ Cas9 toolbox for multiplexed plant genome editing and transcriptional regulation. Plant Physiology 169: 971–985.
92 Lowder, L.G., Zhou, J., Zhang, Y. et al. (2018). Robust transcriptional activation in plants using multiplexed CRISPR‐Act2.0 and mTALE‐act systems. Molecular Plant 11: 245–256.
93 Ma, M., Ye, A.Y., Zheng, W., and Kong, L. (2013). A guide RNA sequence design platform for the CRISPR/Cas9 system for model organism genomes. BioMed Research International 2013: 270805.
94 Maeder, M.L., Thibodeau‐Beganny, S., Osiak, A. et al. (2008). Rapid “open‐source” engineering of customized zinc‐finger nucleases for highly efficient gene modification. Molecular Cell 31 (2): 294–301.
95 Mahfouz, M.M., Li, L., Shamimuzzaman, M. et al. (2011). De novo‐engineered transcription activator‐like effector (TALE) hybrid nuclease with novel DNA binding specificity creates double‐strand breaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 2623–2628.
96 Mahfouz, M.M., Piatek, A., and Stewart, C.N. Jr. (2014). Genome engineering via TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 systems: challenges and perspectives. Plant Biotechnology Journal 12 (8): 1006–1014.
97 Makarova, K.S., Haft, D.H., Barrangou, R. et al. (2011). Evolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems. Nature Reviews Microbiology 9 (6): 467–477.
98 Mali, P., Aach, J., Stranges, P.B. et al. (2013). CAS9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering. Nature Biotechnology 31: 833–838.
99 Malnoy, M., Viola, R., Jung, M.H. et al. (2016). DNA‐free genetically edited grapevine and apple protoplast using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Frontiers in Plant Science 7 (1904).
100 Mandell, J.G. and Barbas, C.F. (2006). Zinc finger tools: custom DNA‐binding domains for transcription factors and nucleases. Nucleic Acids Research 34 (suppl_2): W516–W523.
101 Marton, I., Zuker, A., Shklarman, E. et al. (2010). Nontransgenic genome modification in plant cells. Plant Physiology 154 (3): 1079–1087.
102 Miao, J., Guo, D., Zhang, J. et al. (2013). Targeted mutagenesis in rice using CRISPR‐Cas system. Cell Research 23 (10): 1233–1236.
103 Miroshnichenko, D.N., Shulga, O.A., Timerbaev, V.R., and Dolgov, S.V. (2019). Achievements, challenges, and prospects in the production of nontransgenic, genome‐edited plants. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 55 (9): 825–845.
104 Montague, T.G., Cruz, J.M., Gagnon, J.A. et al. (2014). CHOPCHOP: a CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN web tool for genome editing. Nucleic Acids Research 42 (W1): W401–W407.
105 Moon, S.B., Lee, J.M., Kang, J.G. et al. (2018). Highly efficient genome editing by CRISPR‐Cpf1 using CRISPR RNA with a uridinylate‐rich 3′‐overhang. Nature Communications 9 (1): 1–11.
106 Moscou, M.J. and Bogdanove, A.J. (2009). A simple cipher governs DNA recognition by TALeffectors. Science 326: 1501.
107 Naito, Y., Hino, K., Bono, H., and Ui‐Tei, K. (2015). CRISPRdirect: software for designing CRISPR/Cas guide RNA with reduced off‐target sites. Bioinformatics 31 (7): 1120–1123.
108 Nakajima, I., Ban, Y., Azuma, A. et al. (2017). CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted mutagenesis in grape. PLoS One 12 (5): e0177966.
109 Neff, K.L., Argue, D.P., Ma, A.C. et al. (2013). Mojo hand, a TALEN design tool for genome editing applications. BMC Bioinformatics 14 (1): 1.
110 Nekrasov, V., Wang, C., Win, J. et al. (2017). Rapid generation of a transgene‐free powdery mildew resistant tomato by genome deletion. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 1–6.
111 Nishitani, C., Hirai, N., Komori, S. et al. (2016). Efficient genome editing in apple using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Scientific Reports 6 (1): 1–8.
112 O'Brien, A. and Bailey, T.L. (2014). GT‐Scan: identifying unique genomic targets. Bioinformatics 30 (18): 2673–2675.
113 Odipio, J., Alicai, T., Ingelbrecht, I. et al. (2017). Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of phytoene desaturase in cassava. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1780.
114 Ortigosa, A., Gimenez‐Ibanez, S., Leonhardt, N., and Solano, R. (2019). Design of a bacterial speck resistant tomato by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated editing of Sl JAZ 2. Plant Biotechnology Journal 17 (3): 665–673.
115 Osakabe, K., Osakabe, Y., and Toki, S. (2010). Site‐directed