Великие музыканты-исполнители из «черты оседлости» России. Юрий Зильберман

подчёркивания звука, а как средству выражения эмоционального отклика скрипача на исполняемую им музыку. Эмоциональная наполненность и красочность кантилены, достигаемые не только искусным ведением смычка, но и применением интенсивного вибрато, были характерны для исполнения первого выдающегося ученика Массара – Генриха Венявского и получили высшее проявление в искусстве его последнего ученика – Ф. Крейслера

      3

      Историк фортепианного исполнительства А. Алексеев предлагает именовать исполнительское искусство ХХ в.: «классическим направлением в музыке ХХ века (в отличие от романтического, импрессионистского и других стилевых направлений)»…

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