Notes
1 1 See, on the exhibitionary complex, Bennett (1988), also published in Bennett (1995), and, on museums as governmental assemblages, Bennett (2009; also in Bennett 2010 and 2013a and in Bennett and Healy 2011).
2 2 See in particular Foucault (2008).
3 3 See Bennett (1990), also in Bennett (1995).
4 4 The relationship between museums and nations has, however, proved to be more per meable and, at times, less secure than these formulations suggest, as they have been overridden by various forms of dynastic or political imperialism.
5 5 I draw here on criticisms of the concept I have already aired in Bennett (2012; 2013b).
6 6 Conal McCarthy (2007) demonstrates a very early history of engagement with muse ums as important spaces for Maori self-representation.
7 7 I draw here on my more detailed discussion of these questions in Bennett (2009).
8 8 I address the former in my discussion of the American Museum of Natural History in Bennett (2004), and Haidee Wasson (2005) discusses the latter in relation to New York’s Museum of Modern Art.
9 9 The conception of museums as centers of calculation is derived from Latour (1987).
References
1 Alberti, S. J. M. M. 2009. Nature and Culture: Objects, Disciplines and the Manchester Museum.Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2 Bennett, T. 1988. “The Exhibitionary Complex.” New Formations 4: 73–102.
3 Bennett, T. 1990. “The Political Rationality of the Museum.” Continuum 3(1): 35–55.
4 Bennett, T. 1995. The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. London: Routledge.
5 Bennett, T. 1998. Culture: A Reformer’s Science. Sydney: Allen & Unwin; London: Sage.
6 Bennett, T. 2004. Pasts beyond Memory: Evolution, Museums, Colonialism. London: Routledge.
7 Bennett, T. 2006. “Exhibition, Difference and the Logic of Culture.” In Museum Frictions: Public Cultures/Global Transformations, edited by I. Karp, C. A. Kratz, L. Szwaja, and T. Ybarra-Frausto, pp. 46–69. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
8 Bennett, T. 2009. “Museum, Field, Colony: Colonial Governmentality and the Circulation of Reference.” Journal of Cultural Economy 2(1–2): 99–116.
9 Bennett, T. 2010. “Making and Mobilising Worlds: Assembling and Governing the Other.” In Material Powers: Cultural Studies, History and the Material Turn, edited by T. Bennett and P. Joyce, pp. 190–208. London: Routledge.
10 Bennett, T. 2012. “Machineries of Modernity.” Cultural and Social History 9(1): 145–156.
11 Bennett, T. 2013a. “The Shuffle of Things.” In Reassembling the Collection: Ethnographic Museums and Indigenous Agency, edited by R. Harrison, S. Byrne, and A. Clarke, pp. 39–59. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
12 Bennett, T. 2013b. Making Culture, Changing Society. London: Routledge.
13 Bennett, T., and C. Healy, eds. 2011. Assembling Culture. London: Routledge.
14 Bourdieu, P. 1996. The Rules of Art. Cambridge: Polity.
15 Brown, W. 2006. Regulating Aversion: Tolerance in the Age of Identity and Empire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
16 Cameron, F. R. 2010. “Liquid Governmentalties, Liquid Museums and the Climate Crisis.” In Hot Topics, Public Culture, Museums, edited by F. Cameron and L. Kelly, pp. 118–135. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars.
17 Clifford, J. 1997. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18 Conklin, A. L. 2008. “Skulls on Display: The Science of Race in Paris’s Musée de l’Homme.” In Museums and Difference, edited by D. J. Sherman, pp. 250–288. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
19 Conn, S. 2010. Do Museums Still Need Objects? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
20 DeLanda, M. 2006. A New Philosophy of Society. London: Continuum.
21 Deleuze, G., and F. Guattari. 1988. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia.London: Athlone.
22 Deleuze, G., and C. Parnet. 2002. Dialogues II. New York: Columbia University Press.
23 Edwards, E., C. Gosden, and R. B. Philips, eds. 2006. Sensible Objects: Colonialism, Museums and Material Culture. Oxford: Berg.
24 Foucault, M. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Allen Lane.
25 Foucault, M. 1991. “Governmentality.” In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, edited by G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller, pp. 87–104. Hemel Hempstead, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
26 Foucault, M. 2003. Society Must Be Defended. New York: Picador.
27 Foucault, M. 2007. Security, Population, Territory: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
28 Foucault, M. 2008. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–1979. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
29 Gosden, C., and F. Larson, with A. Petch. 2007. Knowing Things: Exploring the Collections at the Pitt Rivers Museum, 1884–1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30 Hall, M. 2006. “The Reappearance of the Authentic.” In Museum Frictions: Public Cultures/Global Transformations, edited by I. Karp, C. A. Kratz, T. Ybarra-Frausto, and L. Szwaja, pp. 70–101. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
31 Harrison, R., S. Byrne, and A. Clarke, eds. 2013. Reassembling the Collection: Ethnographic Museums and Indigenous Agency. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press.
32 Henning, M. 2006. Museums, Media and Cultural Theory. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
33 Jones, P. 2007. Ochre and Rust: Artefacts and Encounters on Australian Frontiers. Kent Town, SA: Wakefield.
34 Latour, B. 1987. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
35 MacKenzie, J. 2009. Museums and Empire: Natural History, Human Cultures and Colonial Identities. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
36 McCarthy, C. 2007. Exhibiting Maori: A History of Colonial Cultures of Display. Oxford: Berg.
37 Otter, C. 2008. The Victorian Eye: A Political History of Light and Vision in Britain, 1800–1910.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38 Wasson, H. 2005. Museum Movies: The Museum of Modern Art and the Birth of Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press.
39 Witcomb, A. 2003. Re-imagining the Museum: Beyond the Mausoleum. London: Routledge.
Tony Bennett is Research Professor in Social and Cultural Theory in the Institute for Culture and Society at the University of Western Sydney. He is a member of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and of the Academy of the Social Sciences in the United Kingdom. His recent books include Pasts beyond Memory: Evolution Museums, Colonialism (Routledge, 2004), Critical Trajectories: Culture, Society, Intellectuals (Blackwell, 2007), Culture, Class, Distinction (coauthored; Routledge, 2009), Material Powers (coedited; Routledge, 2010), and Making Culture, Changing Society (Routledge, 2013).
2
FOUCAULT AND THE MUSEUM
Kevin Hetherington
Michel Foucault never wrote extensively about the institution of the museum. For someone whose philosophy is linked so firmly not just to uses of historical sources but to the whole project of the archive and archaeology/genealogy,