New South African Review 1. Anthony Butler

166), the proportion of the budget spent on ‘social security and welfare’ was 6.9 per cent in 1990–91 and 9.3 per cent in 1995–95. By contrast, the National Treasury estimates that ‘social protection’ will amount to 15.9 per cent of budget expenditure in 2010. Although these figures may not be directly comparable, the sharp upward trend is unmistakeable.

      5 Annual total disposable income for whites dropped from 44.3 per cent of the total in 1998 to 40.3 per cent in 2008 (SAIRR 2008–09: 288).

      6 The principal examples in 2009 were highly publicised battles over the suspension for alleged disciplinary offences by the Transnet board of Siyabonga Gama, the head of Transnet Freight Rail, who received vigorous backing from elements within the ANC and Cosatu in his bid to become CEO of Transnet, and the forced resignation of Jacob Maroga as CEO of Eskom, who similarly had strong support from within the ANC, in a messy battle which culminated in the subsequent resignation of Bobby Godsell, former CEO of Anglo-Gold Ashanti, as chairman of the board following, apparently, lack of backing by President Jacob Zuma.

      7 Public expenditure as a proportion of GDP and as a proportion of total government expenditure for South Africa in 2007 was 5.4 per cent and 17.45. Comparative figures for Germany were 4.5 per cent and 9.7 per cent. For the UK they were 5.5 per cent and 12.5 per cent. For the US: 5.7 per cent and 13.7 per cent (SAIRR 2008/09: 379).

      8 A few basic statistics can illustrate the problems: in 2006, 4 per cent of public schools had no toilet facilities whatsoever, and only 31.6 per cent had flush toilets; 10 per cent of schools had no water supply; only 23.1 per cent had a laboratory, and only 10 per cent of these were adequately stocked; 14.7 per cent had no electricity supply; and only 23.15 per cent had a computer centre; and, horrifically, only 21.1 per cent had a library (SAIRR 2008/09: 407–415 citing figures from the Department of Education’s National Education Infrastructure Management System).

      9 The Index is conducted by the World Economic Forum in partnership with ‘leading academics and a global network of research institutes’ and calculates its rankings ‘from publicly available data and an annual poll of over 12 000 business leaders worldwide’. See http://www.southafrica.info/busines/economy/competitiveness2009.htm.

      10 World Bank Governance Indicators saw South Africa’s control of corruption decline from 75.7 out of 100 in 1996 to 66.7 in 2007 (SAIRR 2008–09: 726).

      REFERENCES

Abedian I (2009) Worms in the bud of post-apartheid boom. Business Report, 18 January.

Adam H, F van Zyl Slabbert and F Moodley (1997) Comrades in Business: Post-liberation Politics in South Africa. Cape Town: Tafelberg.

Ashton G (2010) Eskom is an enemy of progress. The Star, 29 January.

Bassett C (2008) South Africa: Revisiting capital’s ‘Formative Action’, Review of African Political Economy 35 (116): 184–202.

Benjamin C (2010) Receiving an education for unemployment. Business Day, 5 January.

Bloch G (2009) The Toxic Mix: What’s Wrong with South Africa’s Schools and How To Fix It. Cape Town: Tafelberg.

Brautigam D, L Rakner and S Taylor (2002) Business associations and growth coalitions in sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies 40 (4): 519–548.

Cassim R (2006) South Africa’s first wave of economic reforms. In Padayachee V (Ed)The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa, 1994–2004. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 55–85.

Cronje F (2009) How South Africa’s protest movement may develop. http://sairr.org.za/sairr-today/news_item.2009-07-23.5748727460//searchterm=None.

Daniel J and N Bhengu (2009) South Africa in Africa: Still a formidable player. In Southall R and H Melber (Eds) A New Scramble for Africa? Imperialism, Investment and Development. Pietermaritzburg: UKZN Press: 139–164.

      Daniel J and R Southall (2009) The national and provincial electoral outcome: Continuity with change. In Southall R and J Daniel Zunami! The 2009 South African Elections. Johannesburg: Jacana: 232–269.

Davies R, D O’Meara and S Dlamini (1984) The Struggle for South Africa: A Reference Guide to Movements, Organizations and Institutions. London: Zed Books.

Ensor L (2010) Parastatals: Hogan’s stress test. Business Day, 21 January.

Habib A, D Pillay and A Desai (1998) South Africa and the global order: The structural conditioning of a transition to democracy. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 16 (1): 95–115.

Handley A (2005) Business, government and economic policymaking in the new South Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (2): 211–240.

Hasenfus M (2009) JSE in foreign hands. http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx? ArticleId=1518-24_2298835.

Johnson R (2009) South Africa’s Brave New World: The Beloved Country Since the End of Apartheid. London: Allen Lane.

Judt T (2010) What is living and what is dead in social democracy? New York Review, 14 January.

      Lorentzen J (2006) The noledge of numbers: S&T, R&D and innovation indicators in South Africa. In Padayachee V (Ed) The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa, 1994–2004. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 183–189.

McGregor A, R Rose and S Cranston (2009) Power-shift. Financial Mail, 23 January.

Morris M, G Robbins and J Barnes (2006) The role of government in fostering clusters: the South African automotive sector. In Padayachee V (Ed) The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa, 1994–2004. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 201–223.

Nattrass J (1981) The South African Economy: Its Growth and Change. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

Pillay D (2009) COSATU, the SACP and the ANC Post-Polokwane: Looking Left but does it feel Right? Labour, Capital and Society 41(2): 4–37.

      Republic of South Africa (RSA) (2009a) Development Indicators 2009. http://www.info.gov.za/other-docs 2009/developmentindicators2009.

RSA (2009b) Parliament of the Republic of South Africa: A Report on the Current ‘Service Delivery Protests’ in South Africa. Commissioned by the House Chairperson Committees, Oversight and ICT.

Serrao A (2010) SA’s trillion rand education scandal. The Star, 23 February.

South African Institute of Race Relations South Africa Survey. Various Years. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations.

      Southall R (2004) The ANC and black capitalism in South Africa. Review of African Political Economy 31 (100): 313–328.

      Southall R (2005) Black empowerment and corporate capital. In Buhlungu S, J Daniel, R Southall and J Lutchman (Eds) State of the Nation: South Africa 2004–2005. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 455–478.

Southall R (2007) The ANC, black economic empowerment and state owned enterprises: a recycling of history? In Buhlungu S, J Daniel, R Southall and J Lutchman (Eds) State of the Nation: South Africa 2007. Cape Town: HSRC Press: 201–225.

Tangri R and R Southall (2008) The politics of black economic empowerment in South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies 34 (3): 699–716.

Taylor S (2007) Business and State in Southern Africa: The Politics of Economic Reform. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Webster E and R Omar (2003) Work restructuring in post-apartheid South Africa. Work and Occupations 30 (2) : 194–213.

Webster E and K von Holdt (2005) Beyond the Apartheid Workplace: Studies in Transition.