This book is dedicated to the young generation of committed nationalist and Pan-Africanist Cabralistas engaged in life-threatening struggles for social and economic justice, peace, prosperity, and the rights-based unification of the diverse peoples of Africa.
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| ANP | Assembleia Nacional Popular (People’s National Assembly) |
| CEA | Centro de Estudos Africanos (Center for African Studies) |
| CEI | Casa dos Estudantes do Império (House of Students of the Empire) |
| CEL | Conselho Executívo da Luta (Executive Council of the Struggle) |
| CFAO | Compagnie Française de l’Afrique Occidentale (French West Africa Company) |
| CLSTP | Comité de Libertação de São Tomé e Príncipe (Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe) |
| CONCP | Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas (Conference of the Nationalist Organizations of the Portuguese Colonies) |
| CSL | Conselho Superior da Luta (Higher Council of the Struggle) |
| CUF | Companhia União Fabril (Union Manufacturing Company) |
| DGS | Direção-Geral de Segurança (Directorate-General of Security) |
| FAP | Força Aérea Portuguesa (Portuguese Air Force) |
| FARP | Forças Armadas Revolucionárias do Povo (People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces) |
| FLING | Frente de Luta pela Independência Nacional da Guiné (Front for Struggle for the National Independence of Guinea) |
| FLN | Front de Libération Nationale (National Liberation Front) |
| FLNG | Front de Libération Nationale de la Guinée (Guinean National Liberation Front) |
| FNLA | Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (National Front for the Liberation of Angola) |
| FRAIN | Frente Revolucionária Africana para a Independência Nacional das Colónias Portuguesas (African Revolutionary Front for the National Independence of the Portuguese Colonies) |
| FRELIMO | Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Liberation Front of Mozambique) |
| FUL | Front Uni de Libération [de la Guinée et du Cap Vert] (United Liberation Front [of Guinea and Cabo Verde]) |
| ISA | Instituto Superior de Agronomia (Higher Institute of Agronomy) |
| MAC | Movimento Anti-Colonialista (Anticolonialist Movement) |
| MDCP | Movimento Democrático das Colónias Portuguesas (Democratic Movement of the Portuguese Colonies) |
| MFA | Movimento das Forças Armadas (Armed Forces Movement) |
| MING | Movimento para Independência Nacional da Guiné Portuguesa (Movement for the National Independence of Portuguese Guinea) |
| MLG | Movimento de Libertação da Guiné (Liberation Movement of Guinea) |
| MLNCP | Movimento de Libertação Nacional das Colónias Portuguesas (National Liberation Movement of the Portuguese Colonies) |
| MMCG | Misión Militar Cubana en Guinea y Guinea-Bissau (Cuban Military Mission in Guinea and Guinea-Bissau) |
| MPLA | Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) |
| MUD | Movimento de Unidade Democrática (Movement of Democratic Unity) |
| MUDJ | Movimento de Unidade Democrática Juvenil (Youth Movement of Democratic Unity) |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| OAU | Organization of African Unity |
| PAI | Partido Africano da Independência (African Independence Party) |
| PAIGC | Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cabo Verde) |
| PCP | Partido Comunista Português (Portuguese Communist Party) |
| PIDE | Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (International and State Defense Police) |
| PLUAA | Partido da Luta Unida dos Africanos de Angola (Party of the Unified Struggle of the Africans of Angola) |
| PRC | People’s Republic of China |
| PS | Partido Socialista (Socialist Party) (Portugal) |
| PSP | Polícia de Segurança Pública (Public Security Police) |
| SIDA | Swedish International Development Agency |
| UDEMU | União Democrática das Mulheres (Women’s Democratic Union) |
| UNGP | União dos Naturais da Guiné Portuguesa (Union of the Natives of Portuguese Guinea) |
| UPA | União das Populações de Angola (Union of the Peoples of Angola) |
| UPGP | União das Populações da Guiné dita Portuguesa (Union of the Populations of So-Called Portuguese Guinea) |
| UPLG | União Popular para Libertação da Guiné (Popular Union for the Liberation of Guinea) |
| USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
Introduction
Amílcar Lopes Cabral was among the iconic political leaders of the twentieth century. A consummate nationalist and Pan-Africanist revolutionary, he masterminded the end of Portuguese rule in Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde and was also actively engaged in the anticolonial struggles in Angola, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The protracted