• Buscopan: hyoscine butylbromide 20 mg/ml; 2 ml/100 kg im as a single injection. Meat withhold 2 days. Not to be used in lactating animals.
• Buscopan Compositium: butylscopolamine 4 mg/ml and metamizole 500 mg/ml; 5 ml/100 kg iv or im as a single injection. Meat withhold 9 days after iv and 28 days after im. Not to be used in lactating animals. NSAID.
• Carprieve Solution for Injection for Cattle: carprofen 50 mg/ml; 1 ml/35 kg as a single injection sub cut. Meat withhold 21 days. Zero milk withhold. NSAID.
• Colvasone: dexamethazone 2 mg/ml; 1 ml/25 kg iv or im as a single injection. Milk withhold 84 h. Meat withhold 21 days.
• Comforion vet 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Horse, Cattle and Swine: ketoprofen 100 mg/ml; 1 ml/33 kg iv or im daily. Meat withhold 4 days. Zero milk withhold. NSAID.
• Dexadreson: dexamethasone 2 mg/ml; 1.5 ml/50 kg iv or im once and repeated in 48 h. Meat withhold 7 days. Milk withhold 60 h.
• Dexafort: dexamethazone sodium phosphate 1.38 mg/ml and dexamethazone phenylpropionate 2.67 mg/ml; 1 ml/50 kg im. Meat withhold 63 days. Milk withhold 6 days.
• Duphacort Q: dexamethasone 2 mg/ml; 1 ml/25 kg iv or im. Meat withhold 21 days. Milk withhold 84 h.
• Finadyne Solution: flunixin meglumine 50 mg/ml; 2 ml/45 kg im. Meat withhold 5 days. Milk withhold 24 h. NSAID.
• Flunixin Injection: flunixin meglumine 50 mg/ml; 2 ml/45 kg im. Meat withhold 7 days. Milk withhold 36 h. NSAID.
• Ketodale 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Horses, Cattle and Swine: ketoprofen 100 mg/ml; 3 ml/100 kg im. Meat withhold 4 days. Zero milk withhold. NSAID.
• Ketofen 10%: ketoprofen 100 mg/ml; 3 ml/100 kg im. Meat withhold 4 days. NSAID.
• Melovem 5 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Pigs: meloxicam 5 mg/ml; 2 ml/25 kg im daily for two injections. Meat withhold 5 days. Zero milk withhold. NSAID.
• Meloxidyl 20 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle, Pigs and Horses: meloxicam 20 mg/ml; 2 ml/100 kg im daily for two injections. Meat withhold 5 days. Milk withhold 120 h. NSAID.
• Metacam 20 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle, Pigs and Horses: meloxicam 20 mg/ml; 2 ml/100 kg im daily for two injections. Meat withhold 5 days. Milk withhold 120 h. NSAID.
• Norocarp Injection for Cattle and Horses: carprofen 50 mg/ml; 1 ml/35 kg iv or sub cut as a single injection. Meat withhold 21 days. Not licensed for lactating cattle. NSAID.
• Rapidexon: dexamethasone 2 mg/ml; 1.5 ml/50 kg iv or im once and repeated in 48 h. Meat withhold 2 days. Milk withhold 72 h.
• Rheumocam 20 mg/ml Injection for Cattle, Pigs and Horses: meloxicam 20 mg/ml; 2.5 ml/100 kg sub cut or iv. Meat withhold 15 days. Milk withhold 5 days. NSAID.
• Rimadyl Cattle: carprofen 50 mg/ml; 1 ml/35 kg iv or sub cut as a single injection. Meat withhold 21 days. Zero milk withhold. NSAID.
• Solacyl 100%, Powder for Oral Solution for Calves and Pigs: sodium salicylate 1000 mg/g; 35 mg/kg orally in drinking water for 3-5 days. Zero meat withhold. Not for use in cows producing milk for human consumption. NSAID.
• Tolfine: tolfenamic acid 4 mg/ml; 1 ml/20 kg im as a single injection. Meat withhold 3 days. Milk withhold 24 h, discard the first milking after treatment. NSAID.
• Voren Suspension for Injection, 1 mg/ml: dexamethazone 1 mg/ml; 2 ml/100 kg im. Meat withhold 55 days. Milk withhold 60 h.
Mixed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial preparations
These are suitable for farmers’ use but are not essential for practitioners. Preparations containing NSAIDs are indicated at the end of the drug description:
• Hexasol LA Injection: oxytetracycline 300 mg/ml and flunixin meglumine 20 mg/ml; 1 ml/10 kg im as a single injection. Meat withhold 35 days. Not to be used in lactating animals. NSAID.
• Resflor Injectable Solution: florfenicol 300 mg/ml and flunixin meglumine: 16.5 mg/ml; 2 ml/15 kg as a single sub cut injection. Meat withhold 46 days. Not to be used in lactating animals. NSAID.
Antimicrobials
There are a very wide range of antimicrobials available to the modern practitioner, not only with different ingredients but also with different durations of action. It could be argued that the emergency clinician does not actually require any long-acting preparations as the task required is urgent antimicrobial therapy which, if not effective in 24 h, requires adjustment in either drug type or dosage. This may certainly be the case when cattle are being treated by experienced farmers, but when treating cattle for smallholders with poor handling facilities, or when treating cattle kept in extensive conditions, e.g. when they are out on open land (range) or on marshland, a different approach will be required that entails the use of longer acting antimicrobials. Another factor to be considered is the stress induced by handling yarded cattle on a daily basis, particularly beef cattle with pneumonia. In these cases too long-acting preparations will be required. The author would, therefore, advise that ambulatory practitioners carry a minimum of a selection of five different types of injectable antibiotics with at least two potentially long-acting preparations. At least one oral and one topical antimicrobial will also be required.
In the following lists, drugs containing tilmicosin are marked as not recommended for use in goats and camelids at the end of the drug description:
Injectables
• Advocin 2.5% Solution for Injection: danofloxacin 25 mg/ml; 1 ml/20 kg im or iv daily. Meat withhold 5 days. Milk withhold 2 days.
• Advocin 180: danofloxacin 180 mg/ml; 1 ml/30 kg subcutaneously or iv as a single injection. Meat withhold 8 days. Milk withhold 4 days.
• Alamycin 10: oxytetracycline 100 mg/ml; 1 ml/11-50 kg im daily. Meat withhold 20 days. Milk withhold 86 h.
• Alamycin LA: oxytetracycline 200 mg/ml; 1 ml/10 kg im as a single injection. Meat withhold 31 days. Milk withhold 10 days.
• Alamycin LA 300: oxytetracycline 300 mg/ml; 1 ml/10-15 kg im as a single injection. Meat withhold 14-35 days depending on dosage. Milk withhold 10 days.
• Amfipen LA: ampicillin 100 mg/ml; 1.5 ml/10 kg im every 2 days. Meat withhold 60 days. Not to be used in animals producing milk for human consumption.
• Amoxycare Injection: amoxicillin 150 mg/ml; 1 ml/22.5 kg im daily. Meat withhold 18 days. Milk withhold 24 h.
• Amoxycare LA Injection: amoxicillin 150 mg/ml; 1 ml/10 kg im every 2 days. Meat withhold 23 days. Milk withhold 84 h.
• Amoxypen Injection: amoxicillin 150 mg/ml; 1 ml/20 kg im daily. Meat withhold 18 days. Milk withhold 24 h.
• Amoxypen LA: amoxicillin 150 mg/ml; 1 ml/10 kg im daily. Meat withhold 23 days. Milk withhold 79 h.
• Baytril 5% Solution for Injection: enrofloxacin 50 mg/ml; 1 ml/20 kg im daily. This dose rate may be doubled for treating salmonellosis and complicated respiratory disease. Meat withhold 14 days. Not to be used in animals producing milk for human consumption.
• Baytril 10% Solution for Injection: enro-floxacin 100 mg/ml; 2.5 ml/100 kg daily sub cut (dose rate may be doubled for treating salmonellosis and complicated respiratory disease; this double dose may be given slowly intravenously to treat toxic mastitis). Meat withhold 10 days, milk withhold 84 h after sub cut injection. Meat withhold 4 days, milk withhold 72 h after iv injection.
• Betamox Injection: amoxicillin 150 mg/ml; 1 ml/22.5 kg im daily. Meat withhold 18 days. Milk withhold 24 h.
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