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Stiglitz J.E. Price of Inequality… P. 9.
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DeNavas-Walt С., Proctor B.D., Smith J.C. U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-243, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012; цит. no: Rampell C. Behind the Decline in Incomes // New York Times. 2012. September 12. <http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/ behind-the-decline-in-incomes/>.
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В первую очередь см. отчет Центра Пью по штатам: Pew Center for the States / Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Economic Mobility Project, Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012.
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Baum S., Ma J., Payea K. Education Pays, 2013: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. N.Y.: College Board. 2013. 34. Приводимые числа относятся к зачислениям в вузы всех институциональных типов, включая муниципальные колледжи двухгодичного цикла.
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Bowen Е.М., Kurzweil М.А., Tobin W.G. Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education. P. 98–99. Fig. 5.2.
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Mortenson T.G. Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles, 1970–2010. Oskaloosa, IA: Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education, 2010.
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Pursuing the American Dream. Economic Mobility Across Generations / The Pew Charitable Trusts. 2012. P. 2. <http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/OOO 1/01/0 l/pursuing-the-american-dream>.
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Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families across Generations // Getting Ahead or Losing Ground: Economic Mobility in America / ed. by J.B. Isaacs, I.V. Sawhill, R. Haskins. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012. P. 19. По их данным, среди выходцев из низшего доходного квинтиля 42 % так и остаются внизу, еще 42 % попадают лишь во второй или третий квинтили. «Лишь 17 % выходцев из низшего квинтиля удается перебраться в два верхних квинтиля». При этом среди детей, чьи родители достигли высшего квинтиля, 39 % остаются наверху, а 23 % сползают в более нижний квинтиль.
139
Economics of Higher Education / U.S. Departments of Treasury and Education. P. 15–16. Fig. 6.
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Urahn S.K. et al. Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility across Generations. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts, 2012. P. 25.
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Isaacs J.B. Economic Mobility of Families… P. 19.
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Carnevale A.P., Strohl J. How Increasing College Access Is Increasing Inequality… P.71.
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Ibid.; Reardon S.F. The Widening Academic Achievement Gap between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations // Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children’s Life Chances / ed. by G.J. Duncan, R.J. Murname. N.Y.: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. P. 4–5.
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Edsall Th. E. Reproduction of Privilege…//New York Times. 2012. March 12.
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