11
«Горизонт можливостей» означає цілий спектр вірувань, духовних практик та досвідів, відкритий для конкретного суспільства, враховуючи його екологічні, технологічні та культурні обмеження. Кожне суспільство та кожна особа зазвичай використовує лише крихітну частину свого горизонту можливостей.
12
Brian Hare, The Genius of Dogs: How Dogs Are Smarter Than You Think (Dutton: Penguin Group, 2013).
13
Christopher B. Ruff, Erik Trinkaus and Trenton W. Holliday: ‘Body Mass and Encephalization in Pleistocene Homo’, Nature 387 (1997), 173 – 6; M. Henneberg and M. Steyn: ‘Trends in Cranial Capacity and Cranial Index in Subsaharan Africa During the Holocene’, American Journal of Human Biology 5:4 (1993): 473 – 9; Drew H. Bailey and David C. Geary: ‘Hominid Brain Evolution: Testing Climatic, Ecological and Social Competition Models’, Human Nature 20 (2009): 67–79; Daniel J. Wescott and Richard L. Jantz: ‘Assessing Cranio-facial Secular Change in American Blacks and Whites Using Geometric Morphometry’, у збірці Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, ed. Dennis E. Slice (New York: Plenum Publishers, 2005), 231 – 45.
14
Nicholas G. Blurton Jones et al.: ‘Antiquity of Postreproductive Life: Are There Modern Impacts on Hunter-Gatherer Postreproductive Life Spans?’, American Journal of Human Biology 14 (2002), 184–205.
15
Kim Hill and A. Magdalena Hurtado, Achй Life History: The Ecology and Demography of a Foraging People (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1996), 164, 236.
16
Там само, 78.
17
Vincenzo Formicola and Alexandra P. Buzhilova: ‘Double Child Burial from Sunghir (Russia): Pathology and Inferences for Upper Paleolithic Funerary Practices’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 124:3 (2004), 189 – 98; Giacomo Giacobini: ‘Richness and Diversity of Burial Rituals in Upper Paleolithic’, Diogenes 54:2 (2007), 19–39.
18
Можна заперечити, що не всі 18 давніх мешканців долини Дунаю насправді загинули від насильства, ознаки якого видно на їхніх рештках. Деякі були лише поранені. Проте стільки ж, мабуть, померли від травм м’яких тканин та непомітних небезпек, якими супроводжується війна.
19
I. J. N. Thorpe: ‘Anthropology, Archaeology and the Origin of Warfare’, World Archaeology 35:1 (2003), 145 – 65; Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000); Azar Gat, War in Human Civilisation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); Lawrence H. Keeley, War before Civilisation: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996); Slavomil Vencl: ‘Stone Age Warfare’, у збірці Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives, ed. John Carman and Anthony Harding (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999), 57–73.
20
James F. O’Connel and Jim Allen: ‘Pre-LGM Sahul (Pleistocene Australia – New Guinea) and the Archaeology of Early Modern Humans, у збірці Rethinking the Human Revolution: New Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans, ed. Paul Mellars, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Katie Boyle (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007), 395–410; James F. O’Connel and Jim Allen: ‘When Did Humans First Arrive in Greater Australia and Why Is It Important to Know?’, Evolutionary Anthropology, 6:4 (1998), 132 – 46; James F. O’Connel and Jim Allen: ‘Dating the Colonisation of Sahul (Pleistocene Australia – New Guinea): A Review of Recent Research, Journal of Radiological Science 31:6 (2004), 835 – 53; Jon M. Erlandson: ‘Anatomically Modern Humans, Maritime Voyaging and Pleistocene Colonisation of the Americas’, у збірці The first Americans: the Pleistocene Colonisation of the New World, ed. Nina G. Jablonski (Sun Francisco: University of California Press, 2002), 59–60, 63 – 4; Jon M. Erlandson and Torben C. Rick: ‘Archaeology Meets Marine Ecology: The Antiquity of Maritime Cultures and Human Impacts on Marine Fisheries and Ecosystems’, Annual Review of Marine Science 2 (2010), 231 – 51; Atholl Anderson: ‘Slow Boats from China: Issues in the Prehistory of Indo-China Seafaring’, Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia, 16 (2000), 13–50; Robert G. Bednarik: ‘Maritime Navigation in the Lower and Middle Paleolithic’, Earth and Planetary Sciences 328 (1999), 559 – 60; Robert G. Bednarik: ‘Seafaring in the Pleistocene’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13:1 (2003), 41–66.
21
Timothy F. Flannery, The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples (Port Melbourne: Reed Books Australia, 1994); Anthony D. Barnosky et al.: ‘Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, Science 306:5693 (2004): 70 – 5; Barry W. Brook and David M. J. S. Bowman: ‘The Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna’, Journal of Biogeography 31:4 (2004), 517 – 23; Gifford H. Miller et al.: ‘Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Меgafaunal Extinction’, Science 309:5732 (2005), 287 – 90; Richard G. Roberts et al.: ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46,000 Years Ago’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1,888 – 92.
22
Stephen Wroe and Judith Field: ‘A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation’, Quaternary Science Reviews 25:21 – 2 (2006), 2,692–703; Barry W. Brook et al.: ‘Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had never Colonised the Continent? Comments on ‘‘A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and Alternative Explanation’ by S. Wroe and J. Field’, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:3–4 (2007), 560 – 4; Chris S. M. Turney et al.: ‘Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:34 (2008), 12,150 – 3.
23
John Alroy: ‘A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction’, Science, 292:5523 (2001), 1,893 – 6; O’Connel and Allen: ‘Pre-LGM Sahul’, 400 – 1.
24
L. H. Keeley: ‘Proto-Agricultural Practices Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Survey’, у збірці Last Hunters, First Farmers: New Perspectives on the Prehistoric Transition to Agriculture, ed. T. Douglas Price and Anne Birgitte Gebauer (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1995), 243 – 72; R. Jones: ‘Firestick Farming, Australian Natural History 16 (1969), 224 – 8.
25
David