40
Michael Fralick and Aaron S. Kesselheim, "The U.S. Insulin Crisis–Rationing a Lifesaving Medication Discovered in the 1920s," The New England Journal of Medicine 381, no. 19 (November 7, 2019): 1793–95, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1909402.
41
Daniel G. Gibson, John I. Glass, Carole Lartigue, Vladimir N. Noskov, Ray-Yuan Chuang, Mikkel A. Algire, Gwynedd A. Benders, et al., "Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome," Science 329, no. 5987 (July 2, 2010): 52–56, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1190719.
42
"No More Needles! Using Microbiome and Synthetic Biology Advances to Better Treat Type 1 Diabetes," J. Craig Venter Institute, March 25, 2019, www.jcvi.org/blog/no-more-needles-using-microbiome-and-synthetic-biology-advances-better-treat-type-1-diabetes.
43
Carl Zimmer, "Copyright Law Meets Synthetic Life Meets James Joyce," National Geographic, March 15, 2011, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/copyright-law-meets-synthetic-life-meets-james-joyce.
44
"A Brief History of the Department of Energy," US Department of Energy, www.energy.gov/lm/doe-history/brief-history-department-energy.
45
Robert Cook-Deegan, "The Alta Summit, December 1984," Genomics 5 (October 1989): 661–63, archived at Human Genome Project Information Archive, 1990–2003, https://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/project/alta.shtml.
46
Там же.
47
"Oral History Collection," National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/leadership-initiatives/History-of-Genomics-Program/oral-history-collection.
48
"About the Human Genome Project," Human Genome Project Information Archive, 1990–2003, https://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/project/index.shtml.
49
Institute of Medicine, Committee to Study Decision, Division of Health and Sciences Policy, Biomedical Politics, ed. Kathi Hanna (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1991).
50
"Human Genome Project Timeline of Events," National Human Genome Research Institute, www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Timeline-of-Events.
51
Там же.
52
"Mills HS Presents Craig Venter, Ph.D." Millbrae Community Television, 2017, https://mctv.tv/events/mills-hs-presents-craig-venter-ph-d.
53
Stephen Armstrong, "How Superstar Geneticist Craig Venter Stays Ahead in Science," Wired UK, June 9, 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/craig-venter-synthetic-biology-success-tips.
54
Jason Schmidt, "The Genome Warrior," The New Yorker, June 4, 2000, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2000/06/12/the-genome-warrior-2.
55
"Genetics and Genomics Timeline: 1991," Genome News Network, www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/timeline/1991_Venter.php.
56
См. прим. 11.
57
В то время не было единого мнения относительно того, сколько генов содержит геном человека. Вплоть до 2000 г. в спорах между учеными звучало усредненное число 62 500.
58
Douglas Birch, "Race for the Genome," Baltimore Sun, May 18, 1999.
59
John Crace, "Double Helix Trouble," The Guardian, October 16, 2007, www.theguardian.com/education/2007/oct/16/highereducation.research.
60
"Human Genome Project Budget," Human Genome Project Information Archive, 1990–2003, https://web.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/project/budget.shtml.
61
"CPI Calculator by Country," Inflation Tool, www.inflationtool.com.
62
"Rosalind Franklin: A Crucial Contribution," reprinted from Ilona Miko and Lorrie LeJeune, eds., Essentials of Genetics (Cambridge, MA: NPG Education, 2009), Unit 1.3, Nature Education, www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/rosalind-franklin-a-crucial-contribution-6538012.
63
James D. Watson, The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981).
64
Julia Belluz, "DNA Scientist James Watson Has a Remarkably Long History of Sexist, Racist Public Comments," Vox, January 15, 2019, www.vox.com/2019/1/15/18182530/james-watson-racist.
65
Tom