Цифры врут. Как не дать статистике обмануть себя. Том Чиверс. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Том Чиверс
Издательство: Individuum / Popcorn books
Серия:
Жанр произведения:
Год издания: 2021
isbn: 978-5-6046877-9-6
Скачать книгу
полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

      Примечания

      1

      Перевод С. Рюмина. – Прим. ред.

      2

      По состоянию на 30.05.2022 от коронавируса в России умерло 379 029 человек. См.: https://coronavirusstat.ru. – Прим. ред.

      3

      Принадлежит компании Meta, которая признана экстремистской организацией и запрещена в РФ. – Прим. ред.

      4

      Рассчитывается так: (90 × 2,9 + 10 × 1) / 100 = 2,1. – Прим. авт.

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