13 8 Musk Fragrances 8.1 Overview of Musk Fragrances 8.1.1 Properties 8.1.2 Legislation 8.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 8.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 8.1.4.1 Occurrence in Wastewater and Sewage Sludge 8.1.4.2 Occurrence in Surface Water, Soils, Sediments and Air 8.1.4.3 Occurrence in Biota 8.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 8.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 8.2.1.1 Air Samples 8.2.1.2 Water Samples 8.2.1.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 8.2.1.4 Biota 8.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 8.2.2.1 Air Samples 8.2.2.2 Water Samples 8.2.2.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 8.2.2.4 Biota 8.3 Determination of Musk Fragrances 8.3.1 Chromatography 8.3.2 Detection 8.4 Future Directions and Challenges References
14 9 Disinfection Byproducts in Water 9.1 Overview of Main DBP Classes 9.1.1 Properties 9.1.2 Legislation 9.1.3 Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 9.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 9.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 9.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 9.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 9.3 Determination of DBPs 9.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 9.3.1.1 Chromatography 9.3.1.2 Detection 9.3.2 Figures of Merit 9.3.2.1 Linearity 9.3.2.2 Precision and Accuracy 9.3.2.3 Sensitivity 9.3.3 Hints and Tips 9.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgements References
15
10 Microplastics
10.1 Overview of Micro- and Nanoplastics
10.1.1 Properties
10.1.2 Legislation
10.1.3 Origin and Distribution
10.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment
10.1.4.1 Water Systems
10.1.4.2 Sediments
10.1.4.3 Biota
10.2 Sample Preparation and Collection
10.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples
10.2.1.1 Water
10.2.1.2 Sediment
10.2.1.3 Biota
10.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up
10.2.2.1 Separation
10.2.2.2 Matrix Removal by Digestion
10.3 Determination of MNPLs
10.3.1 Physical Characterization
10.3.2 Chemical Characterization
10.4