3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Chemical plant piping layout. Source: I. Chem E. safer piping trainin...Figure 3.2 Distribution of fluid energy in a pipeline.Figure 3.3 Fluid flow through a heat exchanger, relief valve, and tail pipe.Figure 3.4 Energy aspects of a single-stream piping system.Figure 3.5 Baker parameters for two-phase flow regimes with modified boundaries....Figure 3.6 Flow regimes in horizontal flow.Figure 3.7 Lockhart-Martinelli pressure drop correlation. Source: Lockhart and M...Figure 3.8 Piping layout.Figure 3.9 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations including input data, ...Figure 3.10 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the calculation o...Figure 3.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.17 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.18 PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell UniSim ...Figure 3.19 Sizing properties of PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Horizontal knockout drum.Figure 4.2 Vertical knockout drum.Figure 4.3 A cyclone: design configurations.Figure 4.4 Design vapor velocity factor for vertical vapor-liquid separators at ...Figure 4.5 Dimesion of a vertical separator.Figure 4.6 Area of the segment.Figure 4.7 Nomograph to find segmental area for liquid holding time.Figure 4.8 Percentage removal of particles as a function of particle diameter re...Figure 4.9 Solid desiccant dehydrator twin tower system. Courtesy of Gas Process...Figure 4.10 Pressure drop for an 8 mesh silica gel desiccant (by permission Oil ...Figure 4.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for both separators.Figure 4.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for vapor rise.Figure 4.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for tank volumes.Figure 4.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for total weight of v...Figure 4.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for cyclone removal e...Figure 4.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the dryer design.
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Examples of flow meters.Figure 5.2 Orifice discharge coefficient for square-edge orifice and flange, cor...Figure 5.3 Concentric square-edge orifice specifications (Source: Miller, 1983)....Figure 5.4 Orifice pressure tap locations. 2 ½ D and 8D pipe taps are not recomm...Figure 5.5 UniSim Design software screenshot of R480. Build 23047 window (Courte...Figure 5.6 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list from the...Figure 5.7 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list view com...Figure 5.8 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Simulation Basis Manage...Figure 5.9 UniSim Design software screenshot showing Peng-Robinson from the prop...Figure 5.10 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Tools variables from t...Figure 5.11 UniSim Design software screenshot showing variables tab with SI unit...Figure 5.12 Process flow diagram screenshot of the simulation environment window...Figure 5.13 Process flow diagram screenshot showing 1, RV-100 and 2 streams of c...Figure 5.14 Process flow diagram screenshot of 1, RV-100 and 2 streams showing t...Figure 5.15 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.16 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.17 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.18 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.19 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.20 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.21 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.22 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.23 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.24 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.25 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.26 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.27 PFD screenshot of the Print Datasheet from the list of variables (Co...Figure 5.28 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing available ...Figure 5.29 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing tables of ...Figure 5.30 Results of orifice restriction sizing of case study 1 (Courtesy of U...Figure 5.31A A globe valve.Figure 5.31B A globe valve with cage-style trim.Figure 5.32 Throttling valve plug and orifice.Figure 5.33 Control valve flow characteristics.Figure 5.34 Pressure profile across the throttling valve.Figure 5.35 New case of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy of Un...Figure 5.36 Component list of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy...Figure 5.37 H2O from the components available in the library (Courtesy of UniSim...Figure 5.38 Fluid package screenshot from fluid Pkgs tab (Courtesy of UniSim Des...Figure 5.39 Screenshot of ASME steam from the fluid Pkg (Courtesy of UniSim Desi...Figure 5.40 Screenshot of the PFD of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Courtesy of ...Figure 5.41 Screenshot of the material streams and control valve from the palett...Figure 5.42 Screenshot of streams F1 and F2 connection with the control valve VL...Figure 5.43 Screenshot of the worksheet of material stream F1 in the PFD (Courte...Figure 5.44 Screenshot of the components with H2O as the mole fraction of 1.0 (C...Figure 5.45 Screenshot of material streams F1 and F2 and valve VLV-100 (Courtesy...Figure 5.46 Screenshot of the convergence of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Cour...Figure 5.47 Screenshot of show table of material stream F1 (Courtesy of UniSim D...Figure 5.48 Screenshot of the tables of F1, F2 and VLV-100 at 60% percentage ope...Figure 5.49 Screenshot to add variables to material streams F1 and F2 (Courtesy ...Figure 5.50 Screenshot to add variable to material stream F1 and F2 (Courtesy of...Figure 5.51 Screenshot of the percentage opening of 50% of VLV-100 control valve...Figure 5.52 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 50% (Cou...Figure 5.53 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 100% (Co...
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Centrifugal pump increases process head by adding energy to a fluid. ...Figure 6.2 Turbine pump (Courtesy of Roth Pump Co.).Figure 6.3 Head required to produce similar pressures is higher for lower densit...Figure 6.4 Impeller types Open impeller for corrosive or abrasive slurries and s...Figure 6.5 Stuffing box details lined pump with porcelain or Teflon® shaft sleev...Figure 6.6 General service centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Dean Brothers Pumps, In...Figure 6.7 Cut-a-way section of single-stage pump Part 1 (above) enclosed type i...Figure 6.8 Comparison of impeller types for centrifugal pump performance (Adapte...Figure 6.9 Performance of turbine type centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Roy E. Roth...Figure 6.10 Characteristics of a centrifugal pump are described by the pump perf...Figure 6.11 Impeller performance guide. Wrap refers to curvature of vanes on imp...Figure 6.12 Motor driven centrifugal pump for the pre-flashed crude in the crude...Figure 6.13 Main distillation tower and a mild vacuum column with associated cen...Figure 6.14a Typical centrifugal pump curves (Adapted by permission from Allis-C...Figure 6.14b Typical performance curves showing NPSHR in convenient form (By per...Figure 6.14c Exact same pump casing and impellers at different shaft speeds (By ...Figure 6.15a Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 43.3 psig on p...Figure 6.15b Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 3.0 barg on pr...Figure 6.16 Suction head system.Figure 6.17 Suction lift system.Figure 6.18 Static pressure losses occur as the fluid travels into the pump suct...Figure 6.19 NPSHA equals 20 ft. [27].Figure 6.20 NPSHR increases with flow [27].Figure 6.21 Subcooling increases NPSHA [27].Figure 6.22 (a) Cavitation damage has occurred on an impeller and (b) Erosion - ...Figure 6.23 Liquid vortex in vessel and suggested design of vortex breaker.Figure 6.24 NPSH reductions for pumps handling hydrocarbon liquids