14 Section III: Fundamental Techniques in Laparoscopy 7 Anesthesia Management of Dogs and Cats for Laparoscopy Introduction Anesthesia Considerations Related to Disease Anesthesia Considerations Related to Surgery Pathophysiology of Pneumoperitoneum Complications Associated with Pneumoperitoneum Anesthesia Management Summary References 8 Laparoscopic Access and the Working Space Necessary Considerations Before Laparoscopic Access Closed‐Entry Techniques (Blind) Open‐Entry Techniques Ternamian Visual Entry Evidence for Entry Technique Safety and of Efficacy Single‐Access Surgery Access to the Retroperitoneal Space The Laparoscopic Working Space The Pneumoperitoneum Conclusion References 9 Laparoscopic Contraindications, Complications, and Conversion Contraindications Complications Conversion References
15 Section IV: Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures 10 Diagnostic Laparoscopy of the Gastrointestinal Tract Preoperative Considerations Patient Preparation Surgical Techniques Complications References 11 Laparoscopic‐Assisted Feeding Tube Placement, Gastrotomy, Enterotomy, and Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis Laparoscopic‐Assisted Feeding Tube Placement Surgical Techniques Complications Postoperative Care Laparoscopic‐Assisted Gastrotomy, Enterotomy, Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis Patient Preparation Surgical Techniques Postoperative Care References 12 Laparoscopic and Laparoscopic‐Assisted Gastropexy Techniques Preoperative Considerations Patient Preparation Surgical Techniques Complications and Prognosis