Urban Remote Sensing. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: География
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119625858
Скачать книгу
humans. Because implementing real UAS experiments in urban environments is risky concerning safety and privacy, simulation may be needed to test and evaluate the performance of UAS in advance. For example, Pannozzi et al. (2019) created a simulated 3D urban environment with the aid of OpenStreetMap (OSM) volunteered geographic information for the city of Turin, Italy. The virtual city model considers wind, battery, and motor failure. Under this environment, they have successfully achieved autonomous and semi‐autonomous UAS missions using the PX4 package, and a full manual piloting flight using the Parrot‐Sphinx package. Based on their test results, they concluded UAS can be used in traffic and crowd monitoring, 3D building mapping, and urban growth to better understand urban dynamics.

Photos depict (a) an aerial view of the Urban Recreation Complex. (b) A flight plan design for UAS data collection.

      To create the desired 3D data outputs (namely, point cloud and a textured model) for this project the user‐defined flight parameters for the flight plan included a flight altitude of 35 m above ground level (AGL), a frontal image overlap of 85%, and side image overlap of 80%, and an oblique camera orientation of 65° (i.e. 90° is nadir orientation). The flight altitude of 35 m allowed the UAS to fly the double‐grid pattern at a low altitude, leading to high‐resolution images to be collected. As previously mentioned, these flight parameters are highly contingent on the specific context that a UAS operator is conducting flights for so their settings can vary from one project to another. For this urban recreation complex mapping project, there were no obstacles of concern above approximately 30 m AGL, so 35 m was a safe flying altitude that would also allow imagery to be acquired at very high resolution. The benefits of this low flight altitude can be seen in the increased quality of resolution in the aerial images, thus leading to a much finer resolution in the geospatial outputs. However, such a low flight altitude does require a much longer flight time than flying at a higher altitude.

Photo depicts an example of the 3D point cloud of the urban recreation complex with input aerial images aligned overhead. Photos depict (a) point cloud data of urban recreation building. (b) 3D tiled model of urban recreation building. Photos depict (a) a digital surface model (DSM) of the urban recreation complex depicting elevation values. (b) An orthophoto of the urban recreation complex.

      3.6.1 REGULATORY AND LEGAL CHALLENGES

      The use of UAS for aerial remote sensing presents significant opportunities for urban applications. However, these applications can be constrained by the regulatory framework and legal jurisdictions