A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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and modest: there is little more than two isolated blocks in Busiris and Elkab (Vittmann 2003: Pl. 19a), a fine painted wooden naos from Tuna el‐Gebel/Hermopolis (Mysliwiec 1998: Pl. 9.1–9.2), and minimal traces of work at Karnak (Traunecker 1980).

Photo depicts the relief of Dareios I offering milk to Amun in his temple at Khargeh.

      Source: Reproduced by permission of Günter Vittmann.

      Egyptian officials who were active under Dareios I include Udjahorresnet, the treasurer Ptahhotep and the overseer of works Khnemibre. According to the inscriptions on his statue, Udjahorresnet spent part of his life at the court of the king in Elam (i.e. Susa), where he was appreciated for his abilities as a physician (Kuhrt 2010: p. 119). The exact date of his return to Egypt is unknown, but his tomb, which had been built at the end of the 26th Dynasty, was discovered in Abusir (Bareš 1999). Ptahhotep, whose tomb was unearthed in Giza in the nineteenth century, is well known for his Brooklyn statue that depicts him in the habit of a Persian official (Vittmann 2003: Pl. 14 b–c), and an inscription that assigns to him the non‐Egyptian term qppš, which has been linked with the tradition about the faithful eunuch Kombabos (Posener 1986; Briant 1996: p. 283). As to Khnemibre, hieroglyphic graffiti in the quarries of Wadi Hammamat in the Eastern desert attest his career as an overseer of the royal building projects for a period of nearly 35 years, from the end of the 26th Dynasty down to year 30 of Dareios I (492 BCE; Posener 1936: pp. 88–116).

      A small stela in Berlin shows Dareios in the form of divine falcon adored by a private individual, a unique example of presumably posthumous divinization of this ruler (Burchardt 1911: pp. 71–72; Vittmann 2003: fig. 60). Particular esteem of Dareios, though on a more mundane level, is demonstrated by a text on the verso of the so‐called Demotic Chronicle: there, Dareios I is presented as a king who had the earlier laws of the Egyptians until year 44 of Amasis (527 BCE) systematically collected (Kuhrt 2010: p. 125 [b]).

      Many Demotic administrative documents are dated to the reign of Dareios I, among them an archive from Thebes that concerns the private affairs of funerary priests in the period from Amasis to Dareios (Pestman and Vleeming 1994). A famous papyrus, the copy of the lengthy draft of a petition which was to be submitted to a high official of Dareios, vividly describes the vexations suffered by an Egyptian temple scribe at the hands of the local clergy when trying to recover the prebends that had been snatched away by the priests from his ancestors in the past (Vittmann 1998; Hoffmann and Quack 2007: pp. 22–54). An important group of papyri is formed by the so‐called correspondence of the satrap Pherendates from Elephantine, which illustrates the concern of the Achaemenid authorities for the administrative and economic aspects of an Egyptian temple (Kuhrt 2010: pp. 852–854; Martin 2011: pp. 288–292). Another letter of identical provenance sheds some light on the unrests in this area which may have been connected with the rebellions that took place at the end of Dareios' rule (Martin 2011: pp. 295–296).

Photo depicts graffito of the Persian official Athiavahya from year 28 of Xerxes in the Wadi Hammamat.

      Source: Reproduced by permission of Kurt Tausend.

      A first edition of these ostraca by Chauveau and Agut‐Labordère is now available on the Achemenet site (www.achemenet.com; for a preliminary report see Chauveau 2011).

      The exact date of Chababash, an ephemerous Egyptian “anti‐king” in the last years of the Second Persian Domination, is unknown (Depuydt 2010: pp. 192–193; Vittmann 2011: p. 410; Schäfer 2011, passim).

      1 Bareš, L. (1999). Abusir IV: The Shaft Tomb of Udjahorresnet at Abusir. Prague: Karolinum Press.

      2 Briant, P. (1996). Histoire de l’Empire Perse de Cyrus à Alexandre. Paris: Fayard (for English edition see below under Further Reading).

      3 Burchardt, M. (1911). Datierte Denkmäler der Berliner Sammlung aus der Achämenidenzeit. Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, 49, pp. 69–80.

      4 Cenival, F. (1966). Un document démotique relatif au partage d’une maison (P. Louvre N.2430). Revue d’Égyptologie, 18, pp. 7–30.

      5 Chauveau, M. (2004). Inarôs, prince des rebelles. In