15 CHAPTER 10: Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Intrinsic Capacity INTRODUCING THE FRAILTY CONCEPT THE PHYSICAL PHENOTYPE ACCORDING TO FRIED AND THE DEFICIT MODEL ACCORDING TO ROCKWOOD SARCOPENIA AND FRAILTY – OVERLAP AND DIFFERENCES THE FUTURE RELEVANCE OF FRAILTY INTRINSIC CAPACITY REFERENCES
16 CHAPTER 11: Osteosarcopenia INTRODUCTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TREATMENTS SUMMARY REFERENCES
17 CHAPTER 12: Sarcopenic Obesity INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF SARCOPENIC OBESITY PATHOGENESIS OF SO CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS TREATMENT CONCLUSION REFERENCES
18 CHAPTER 13: Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment INTRODUCTION AGING AND COGNITIVE DECLINES PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DECLINES SARCOPENIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
19 CHAPTER 14: Sarcopenia and Other Chronic Organ Diseases CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE CHRONIC HEART FAILURE DIABETES MELLITUS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES
20 CHAPTER 15: Imaging of Skeletal Muscle INTRODUCTION DUAL X‐RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY CONCLUSION REFERENCES
21 CHAPTER 16: Measurements of Muscle Mass: Equations and Cut‐off Points INTRODUCTION ANTHROPOMETRY – METHOD DESCRIPTION ANTHROPOMETRY – CUT‐OFF POINTS IN SARCOPENIA RESEARCH BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE – METHOD DESCRIPTION BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE – CUT‐OFF POINTS IN SARCOPENIA RESEARCH DXA – METHOD DESCRIPTION DXA – CUT‐OFF POINTS IN SARCOPENIA RESEARCH CT AND MRI – METHOD DESCRIPTION CT AND MRI – CUT‐OFF POINTS IN SARCOPENIA RESEARCH EMERGING METHODS OVERVIEW OF METHODS REFERENCES
22 CHAPTER 17: Deuterated Creatine Dilution to Assess Muscle Mass (D3‐Cr Muscle Mass) in Humans: Methods, Early Results, and Future Directions INTRODUCTION METHODS AND OPERATIONAL APPROACH CONSIDERATION OF BODY SIZE IN ANALYSIS OF MUSCLE MASS SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONAL HUMAN STUDIES THAT HAVE IMPLEMENTED THE D3‐Cr DILUTION METHOD NEXT STEPS REFERENCES