*Weight‐stable sample.
SD = standard deviation.
Figure 2.3 Annual decline (%) in skeletal muscle mass in older men and women from prospective studies with follow‐up times from 2 to 7 years.
Limited data are available on the prospective change in muscle fat with aging. Data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study showed an increase in intermuscular fat at the mid‐thigh of 3.1 cm2 in older men and 1.7 cm2 in older women during the 5‐year follow‐up [29]. This is translated to an annual increase of 9.7% in men and 5.8% in women. This increase was paralleled by a decline in subcutaneous fat at the mid‐thigh and shows specifically the increasing fat infiltration into the muscle tissue with the increasing age. Moreover, data from 99 adult male twins with a mean age of 47.3 years at baseline, showed a decline in the ratio of muscle cross‐sectional area/functional cross‐sectional area over 15 years as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the L3–L4 level, indicative of greater fat infiltration into the paraspinal muscles with aging [30].
From these body composition studies it can be concluded that the amount of skeletal muscle mass declines substantially with aging. At the same time, the composition of the muscle changes and a greater fat infiltration into the muscle occurs. It is important to understand the potential impact of these changes on healthy aging.
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CHAPTER 3 The Role of Mitochondria in Age‐Related Sarcopenia
Luigi Ferrucci1, Marta Zampino1, Paul Coen2 and Bret