85 83
86 85
87 86
88 87
89 88
90 89
91 90
92 91
93 92
94 93
95 94
96 95
97 96
98 97
99 98
100 99
101 100
102 101
103 102
104 103
105 104
106 105
107 106
108 107
109 108
110 109
111 110
112 111
113 112
114 113
115 114
116 115
117 116
118 117
119 118
120 119
121 120
122 121
123 122
124 123
125 124
126 125
127 126
128 127
129 128
130 129
131 130
132 131
133 132
134 133
135 134
136 135
137 136
138 137
139 139
140 140
141 141
142 142
143 143
144 145
145 146
146 147
147 148
148 149
149 150
150 151
151 152
152 153
153 154
154 155
155 157
156 158
157 159
158 160
159 161
160 162
161 163
162 164
163 165
164 167
165 168
166 169
167 170
168 171
169 172
170 173
171 174
172 175
173 177
174 178
175 179
176 180
177 181
178 182
The ADA Practical Guide to Dental Implants
Luigi O. Massa, DDS
Premier Dental Centers,
Art & Technology Dental Studio,
Boerne, TX, USA
J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, MSc, PhD, FADM, FRSC
Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland,
Baltimore, MD, USA
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 by the American Dental Association
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
The right of Luigi O. Massa and J. Anthony von Fraunhofer to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
Editorial Office 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears