List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Projected aging of the United States.Figure 1.2 Prevalence of edentulism by race and ethnicity in adults ≥65 year...Figure 1.3 Implant‐supported overdenture.
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 The subperiosteal implant.Figure 2.2 Schematic diagram of tripodal pin concept.Figure 2.3 Different types of implants.Figure 2.4 Modern screw‐type implant.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 The basic implant, abutment, and prosthesisFigure 3.2 Comparison of a natural tooth root and an artificial (implant) to...Figure 3.3 Thread designs.Figure 3.4 Thread characteristics.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Effect of bone type on implant success.Figure 4.2 (a) Tooth #31 requiring extraction due to vertical crack transect...
5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Treatment planning for implants.Figure 6.2 The single dental implant, abutment, and crown
6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 The missing tooth syndromeFigure 7.2 The single crown and implantFigure 7.3 The dental implant vs a three‐unit bridgeFigure 7.4 Posterior implant bridgeworkFigure 7.5 Replacing multiple anterior teeth.Figure 7.6 Implants placed for an implant‐supported over‐denture.Figure 7.7 (a) Fixed implant‐supported bridge(b) Fixed zirconia implant‐...Figure 7.8 Snap‐on implant overdenture
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Design details of the Legacy 4 systemFigure 8.2 (a) Flap reflection to expose the bone. (b) Scoring the cortical ...Figure 8.3 Creating alveolar bone access using a punch.Figure 8.4 Surgical osteotomy kitFigure 8.5 Osteotomy soft bone drills of progressively increasing diameter...Figure 8.6 Dense bone drillsFigure 8.7 Seated healing abutments and sutured flap.Figure 8.8 Cytoplast PTFE sutureFigure 8.9 Pre‐operative radiograph.Figure 8.10 Initial positioning.Figure 8.11 Final positioning.Figure 8.12 Cement retained final restoration placed.Figure 8.13 Failing Maryland bridge.Figure 8.14 Use of a locator drill to check the initial positioning of the i...Figure 8.15 Placement of the implant.Figure 8.16 Transfer placed.Figure 8.17 Cement retained e.max crown placed.
8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 (a) Tooth #30 with severe bone loss. (b) Tooth extracted and graf...Figure 9.2 (a) and (b) Radiograph and clinical photograph of a narrow ridge....Figure 9.3 Reflecting a flap.Figure 9.4 Decorticated deficient buccal plate.Figure 9.5 Suture flap after membrane and graft placement.Figure 9.6 Clinical situation before and after 9 months of healing.Figure 9.7 Implant placed.Figure 9.8 Implant level impression.Figure 9.9 Final screw‐retained restoration placed.Figure 9.10 Fractured root #14.Figure 9.11 Schematic diagram of a sinus lift.Figure 9.12 Extraction site and osteotomy.Figure 9.13 Close‐up of sinus membrane.Figure 9.14 Implant grafted and sutured. (c) Two‐week follow‐up after suture...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Restorative acrylic “suck‐down” single tooth guide.Figure 10.2 Restorative clear duplicate denture guide.Figure 10.3 Data merge: the CBCT is merged with a scanned arch or scanned mo...Figure 10.4 The inferior alveolar (IA) nerve is mapped.Figure 10.5 Virtual surgery is performed.Figure 10.6 Virtual surgery in relation to planned prosthesis.Figure 10.7 Surgical guide design.Figure 10.8 3D Printed surgical guide.Figure 10.9 Virtual surgery.Figure 10.10 Actual surgical results.
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Typical dental emergencies that merit immediate implant placemen...Figure 11.2 Failed root canal treatment with root resorption and bone loss....Figure 11.3 Tooth #19 with periodontal involvement and severe bone loss.Figure 11.4 A typical oral surgery/implant surgery tool kitFigure 11.5 Placement of an immediate implant 2 mm below crest of the buccal...Figure 11.6 (a) Screw‐retained temporary restoration. (b) Radiograph of scre...Figure 11.7 Failing restoration of tooth #18.Figure 11.8 Osteotomy created to facilitate extraction.Figure 11.9 Implant placement and impression taking.Figure 11.10 Screw‐retained zirconia crown.Figure 11.11 (a) Original emergence. (b) Immediately loaded temporary restor...Figure 11.12 Showing (a) and (b) Replacement of a fractured tooth root and t...Figure 11.13 Zirconia custom abutment and final e.max restorations.Figure 11.14 Clinical photograph of final restorations.Figure 11.15 (a) PEEK temporary abutment, (b) Titanium temporary abutment (S...Figure 11.16 (a) Radiograph of failed restoration, (b) Implant placed with T...Figure 11.17 (a) Radiograph of the transfer in place, (b) Final zirconia abu...Figure 11.18 Radiograph of #14 with vertical root fracture and radiograph of...Figure 11.20 Sutured implant site.Figure 11.21 Two week follow‐up after implant placement.Figure 11.22 Tissue healing at eight weeks and Legacy 4 impression.Figure 11.23 Screw‐retained zirconia crown with Legacy 4 abutment used as a ...Figure 11.24 Screw‐retained zirconia crown delivered with a Legacy 4 abutmen...
11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Pre‐operative panoramic radiograph of a terminal dentition.Figure 12.2 Implant placement.Figure 12.3 Intaglio view of the male attachments within the prosthesis.Figure 12.4 Prosthesis in place 48 months post‐op.Figure 12.5 (a) and (b) Male attachmentsFigure 12.6 Female abutmentsFigure 12.7 Implant‐supported overdenture.Figure 12.8 An example of a zirconia fixed implant bridge at 24 months.Figure 12.9 Radiograph of the zirconia fixed implant bridge at 24 months.Figure 12.10 (a) and (b) Multi‐unit abutment and multiunit cap
12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Cement and screw‐retention of crowns Figure 13.2 Gap between restoration and abutment due to cementation.Figure 13.3 Screw‐retention of a crown.
13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Intra‐oral scanner.Figure 14.2 A digital image of a scanned cast.Figure 14.3 A completed CAD/CAM fabricated restoration.Figure 14.4 Finishing and characterization of a CAD‐CAM ceramic restoration...Figure 14.5 A CAD CAM chairside systemFigure 14.6 A CAD‐CAM laboratory systemFigure 14.7 Computer‐generated planning of implant placement.Figure 14.8 Completed CAD/CAM generated full‐arch restoration.
14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Radiograph of a restored Atlantis Ti‐base implant restoration.Figure 15.2 (a) Fractured hexagonal internal connection. (b) Restoration sho...Figure 15.3 (a) Post‐operative radiograph. (b) 4 month post‐operative radiog...Figure 15.4 (a) Restoration of the abutment by a cement‐retained PFM crown. ...Figure 15.5 (a) Restored implant post‐op. (b) Progressive post‐op. periodont...Figure 15.6 (a) Bone loss resulting from chronic gingival irritation. (b) Re...
15 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Periodontal attachment to the implant bodyFigure 17.2 Relative probe depths for teeth and implants.
16 Appendix AFigures A.1 (a) and (b) Placing the fixture mount/transferFigure A.2 Covering the screw access hole with waxFigure A.3 (a) and (b) Injecting impression material around the fixture/tran...Figure A.4 (a) and (b) Replacing healing collar
17 Appendix BFigure B.1 Stock healing abutmentsFigure B.2 Ideal emergence profile possible with custom abutments.Figure B.3 Fractured tooth #8.Figure B.4 Immediate implant placement.Figure B.5 Immediate temporization.Figure B.6 Soft‐tissue profile.Figure B.7 Custom abutment placed.Figure B.8 Final restoration.
18 Appendix CFigure C.1 Commercially‐available allograft material
Guide