Party in Training, Camp Lejeune, 1942
D-day on Peleliu Medical Attendants at Rest, Peleliu, October 1944 Gun Crew of the 52d Defense Battalion Crewmen of USCG Lifeboat Station, Pea Island, North Carolina Coast Guard Recruits at Manhattan Beach Training Station, New York Stewards at Battle Station on the Cutter Campbell Shore Leave in Scotland Lt. Comdr. Carlton Skinner and Crew of the USS Sea Cloud Ens. Joseph J. Jenkins and Lt. (jg.) Clarence Samuels President Harry S. Truman Addressing the NAACP Convention Assistant Secretary of War John J. McCloy Civilian Aide to the Secretary of War Truman K. Gibson Company I, 370th Infantry, 92d Division, Advances Through Cascina, Italy 92d Division Engineers Prepare a Ford for Arno River Traffic Lester Granger Interviewing Sailors Granger With Crewmen of a Naval Yard Craft Lt. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem, U.S. Army Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson Admiral Louis E. Denfeld, U.S. Navy General Gerald C. Thomas, U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Willard S. Paul Adviser to the Secretary of War Marcus Ray Lt. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger Inspects 24th Infantry Troops Army Specialists Report for Airborne Training Bridge Players, Seaview Service Club, Tokyo, Japan, 1948 24th Infantry Band, Gifu, Japan, 1947
Lt. Gen. Clarence R. Huebner Inspects the 529th Military Police Company Reporting to Kitzingen Inspection by the Chief of Staff Brig. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. Shore Leave in Korea Mess Attendants, USS
Bushnell, 1918 Mess Attendants, USS
Wisconsin, 1953
Lt. Comdr. Dennis D. Nelson II Naval Unit Passes in Review, Naval Advanced Base, Bremerhaven, Germany Submariner Marine Artillery Team 2d Lt. and Mrs. Frederick C. Branch Training Exercises Damage Inspection Col. Noel F. Parrish Officers' Softball Team Checking Ammunition Squadron F, 318th AAF Battalion, in Review Col. Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., Commander, 477th Composite Group, 1945 Lt. Gen. Idwal H. Edwards Col. Jack F. Marr Walter F. White Truman's Civil Rights Campaign A. Philip Randolph National Defense Conference on Negro Affairs, 26 April 1948 MP's Hitch a Ride Secretary of the Army Kenneth C. Royall Reviews Military Police Battalion Spring Formal Dance, Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, 1952 Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal General Clifton B. Cates 1st Marine Division Drill Team on Exhibition Secretary of the Air Force W. Stuart Symington Secretary of Defense Louis C. Johnson Fahy Committee With President Truman and Armed Services Secretaries E. W. Kenworthy Charles Fahy Roy K. Davenport Press Notice Secretary of the Army Gordon Gray Chief of Staff of the Army J. Lawton Collins "No Longer a Dream" Navy Corpsman in Korea 25th Division Troops in Japan Assistant Secretary of Defense Anna M. Rosenberg Assistant Secretary of the Air Force Eugene M. Zuckert Music Makers Maintenance Crew, 462d Strategic Fighter Squadron Jet Mechanics Christmas in Korea, 1950 Rearming at Sea Broadening Skills Integrated Stewards Class Graduates, Great Lakes, 1953 WAVE Recruits, Naval Training Center, Bainbridge, Maryland, 1953 Rear Adm. Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. Moving Up Men of Battery A, 159th Field Artillery Battalion Survivors of an Intelligence and Reconnaissance Platoon, 24th Infantry General Matthew B. Ridgway, Far East Commander Machine Gunners of Company L, 14th Infantry, Hill 931, Korea Color Guard, 160th Infantry, Korea, 1952 Visit With the Commander Brothers Under the Skin Marines on the Kansas Line, Korea Marine Reinforcements Training Exercises on Iwo Jima, March 1954 Marines From Camp Lejeune Lt. Col. Frank E. Petersen, Jr. Sergeant Major Edgar R. Huff Clarence Mitchell Congressman Adam Clayton Powell Secretary of the Navy Robert B. Anderson Reading Class in the Military Dependents School, Yokohama Civil Rights Leaders at the White House President John F. Kennedy and President Jorge Allessandri Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara Adam Yarmolinsky James C. Evans The Gesell Committee Meets With the President Alfred B. Fitt Arriving in Vietnam Digging In Listening to the Squad Leader Supplying the Seventh Fleet USAF Ground Crew, Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Vietnam Fighter Pilots on the Line Medical Examination Auto Pilot Shop Submarine Tender Duty First Aid Vietnam Patrol Marine Engineers in Vietnam Loading a Rocket Launcher American Sailors Help Evacuate a Vietnamese Child Booby Trap Victim from Company B, 47th Infantry Camaraderie
All illustrations are from the files of the Department of Defense and the National Archives and Records Service with the exception of the pictures on pages 6 and 10, courtesy of William G. Bell; on page 20, by Fabian Bachrach, courtesy of Judge William H. Hastie; on page 120, courtesy of Carlton Skinner; on page 297, courtesy of the Washington Star, on page 361, courtesy of the Afro-American Newspapers; on page 377, courtesy of the Sengstacke Newspapers; and on page 475, courtesy of the Washington Bureau of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Tables
No.
1. Classification of All Men Tested From March 1941 Through December 1942 2. AGCT Percentages in Selected World War II Divisions 3. Percentage of Black Enlisted Men and Women 4. Disposition of Black Personnel at Eight Air Force Bases, 1949 5. Racial Composition of Air Force Units 6. Black Strength in the Air Force 7. Racial Composition of the Training Command, December 1949 8. Black Manpower, U.S. Navy 9. Worldwide Distribution of Enlisted Personnel by Race, October 1952 10. Distribution of Black Enlisted Personnel by Branch and Rank, 31 October 1952 11. Black Marines, 1949–1955 12. Defense Installations With Segregated Public Schools 13. Black Strength in the Armed Forces for Selected Years 14. Estimated Percentage Distribution of Draft-Age Males in U.S. Population by AFQT Groups 15. Rate of Men Disqualified for Service in 1962 16. Rejection Rates for Failure To Pass Armed Forces Mental Test, 1962 17. Nonwhite Inductions and First Enlistments, Fiscal Years 1953–1962 18. Distribution of Enlisted Personnel in Each Major Occupation, 1956 19. Occupational Group Distribution by Race, All DOD, 1962 20. Occupational Group Distribution of Enlisted Personnel by Length of Service, and Race 21. Percentage Distribution of Navy Enlisted Personnel by Race, AFQT Groups and Occupational Areas, and Length of Service, 1962 22. Percentage Distribution of Blacks and Whites by Pay Grade, All DOD, 1962 23. Percentage Distribution of Navy Enlisted Personnel by Race, AFQT Groups, Pay Grade, and Length of Service, 1962 24. Black Percentages, 1962–1968 25. Rates for First Reenlistments, 1964–1967 26. Black Attendance at the Military Academies, July 1968 27. Army and Air Force Commissions Granted at Predominately Black Schools 28. Percentage of Negroes in Certain Military Ranks, 1964–1966 29. Distribution of Servicemen in Occupational Groups by Race, 1967
INTEGRATION OF THE ARMED FORCES 1940–1965
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