Human Metabolism. Keith N. Frayn. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Keith N. Frayn
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Медицина
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119331469
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hormones were hormones and metabolites were metabolites – now we know that the distinction is far from clear, with many compounds we regard as metabolites signalling through receptors as do ‘true hormones,’ thereby modulating metabolism. (We note in passing that the late Derek Williamson – colleague to both of us, and mentor to one [RDE], would not have been surprised: he had long predicted that the ketone bodies had a signalling role.)

      We have always recognised that this textbook needed to be regarded as a complement to a more conventional biochemistry textbook, which would give details of pathways rather than just notes on their regulation. We have both taught metabolism to biochemistry and medical students in Oxford, and for this edition decided to combine our areas of expertise and to add material to the book that would enable it to be used more independently. Thus, in Chapter 1 of this new edition, we have provided overviews of metabolic pathways that will then be described in more detail in subsequent chapters. A particular emphasis of the later chapters, as in previous editions, is the tissue-specificity of these metabolic pathways. We are aware that this textbook is used by medical and nursing students and that has prompted us to include more material relevant to metabolism in clinical situations such as cancer, sepsis, and trauma. We hope this material will be of interest to all students, including those of nutrition and sports science, as it illustrates how metabolism may be perturbed. The small revision to the title of the book reflects these changes.

      We thank Michael Goran, Fredrik Karpe, Denise Robertson and Garry Tan, who have helped us by reading, and commenting on, sections of the book. Any errors remaining are our responsibility. We are enormously grateful to Anne Clark, Mike Symonds and Roy Taylor for providing pictures and data. We give special thanks to Professor Rui Fontes of the University of Porto who translated edition 3 into Portuguese, and in so doing pointed out many errors, most of which had persisted through all the editions. Jenny Seward and James Watson, and their editorial team at Wiley, have been very helpful to us as we prepared this edition. Finally, we thank Theresa and Helen for putting up with us during the hours we spent at the computer producing this new edition.

      Some abbreviations used only within a figure, table or box, and defined there, are not included here. Some abbreviations are given in the text not because the terms are used frequently, but because the substance in question is often better known by its abbreviation. In such cases, if the abbreviation only occurs in one limited section, it will not be listed here.

ABC (G5, G8, etc.) ATP-binding cassette-containing protein-G5, G8 etc.
ACAT acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase
ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS acyl-CoA synthase
ACSL long-chain acyl-CoA synthase
ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone (corticotrophin)
ADH antidiuretic hormone
ADP adenosine 5′-diphosphate
AEE activity energy expenditure
AGE advanced glycation end-product
AgRP Agouti-related protein
AIDS Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AMP adenosine 5′-monophosphate
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
ANP atrial natriuretic peptide
APOA, B, C, E, etc. apolipoprotein A,B,C,E, etc.
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
AST aspartate aminotransferase
ATGL adipose triacylglycerol (or triglyceride) lipase
ATP adenosine 5′-trisphosphate
BAT brown adipose tissue
BCAA branched chain amino acid
BCAT branched chain amino acid aminotransferase
BCKD(C) branched chain 2-oxoacid (α-ketoacid) dehydrogenase (complex)
BMCP1 brain mitochondria carrier protein 1
BMI body mass index
BMR basal metabolic rate
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
cAMP cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
CARS compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome
CAT-1, 2 carnitine-acyl transferase-1, 2
CCK cholecystokinin
CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein
cGMP cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
CHD coronary heart disease
ChRE carbohydrate response element
ChREBP carbohydrate response element binding protein
CIM critical illness myopathy
critical illness polyneuropathy
CNP C-type natriuretic peptide
CNS central nervous system
CoA coenzyme A
CoASH coenzyme A reduced form
CoQ10 ubiquinone
CPT-1, 2 carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1, 2
CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
DHA docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6 n-3)
D-2HG D-2-hydroxyglutarate

e-mail: [email protected]